Down Syndrome Represented in the Society Essay Example

Down Syndrome Represented in the Society Paper Down syndrome is caused by the presence of extra genetic material from the 21st chromosome. Approximately, majority of the individuals with Down syndrome have an extra 21st chromosome and are identified as having â€Å"trisomy 21† subtype. Individuals with Down syndrome often suffer from moderate to severe mental retardation, show expressive language delays with relative strengths in pragmatical versus grammatical language abilities, and exhibit relative strengths in visual over auditory/ verbal memory. Down syndrome is associated with a greater risk of developing a range of serious health problems, such as hearing deficits, heart defects, leukemia, hypothyroidism, and gastrointestinal disorders. In reality, in the 1990s, the developmental outcome of children with Down syndrome has greatly improved because of early learning programs, physician and parent updated education about the syndrome, and appropriate medical management. According to factual evidences, intelligence and personality in a child with Down syndrome are affected by dedicated parents just as they are in non-Down syndrome children. Down syndrome patients are most of the time implied as defectives of the society to the point that they are even hindered from the basic human rights, such as detainment, physical abuse, and other sorts of violence. As their numbers continue to grow in the society, various conceptual frameworks, and theoretical perspectives have sprouted in aid to promote acceptance of these individuals. However, representations of these Down syndrome patients still vary as influenced by social and cultural factors. Scope and Limitations We will write a custom essay sample on Down Syndrome Represented in the Society specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Down Syndrome Represented in the Society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Down Syndrome Represented in the Society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The study aims to illustrate the occurring trend of societal representations of the conditions of Down syndrome. The perspective of society over these individuals as well as the prevalent view, either discriminative of receptive, shall be covered in the course discussion. The study shall employ statistic counts of Down syndrome specifically in the United States, which is the primary scope of setting. In addition, the study aims to utilize the conceptual frameworks applied in the course discussion of the said condition. Applying models shall be the prime method of depiction on how society views these individuals. Various standard norms and prevailing cultural etiologies shall be utilized as well in order to validate the claimed results of the research. The following shall be the objectives utilized in the overall research course. These shall serve as the prime guidelines for the conduction of the whole research plan. a. To be able to provide social representations of Down syndrome patients prevailing in the society through the use of theoretical models. b. To be able to compare and contrast the view of the society against this condition through the use of governing norms and perspectives in the society. Purpose of the Study Significantly, the study provides awareness expansion in terms of the society’s perception over Down syndrome patients. By knowing the established perception of the current prevailing norms of the society against this condition, it facilitates ease in developing health promotive, and organizational programs in aid of this condition. In addition, awareness of such subject induces an initiative to help improve the quality of life for these individuals. Discussion Down syndrome is the most prevalent chromosome-related disorders, which is often suspected after birth due to the physical appearance of the baby. As noted in the latter statement, the presence of an extra chromosome 21 in either the sperm or the egg cell causes the condition of Down syndrome. Chromosome 21 us the smallest of the human chromosomes and contains about 255 genes. The majority of children with Down syndrome, which is around 95%, possess trisomy 21- an extra chromosome in all their cells. Other individuals, which are around 3-4%, possess translocated form of the extra chromosome wherein the extra chromosome 21 is attached to one of a different chromosome pair, and last among the types is 1-2% mosaic, which pertains to varying count of trisomic cells while others a re normal in structure and characteristics. However, the type of chromosome pattern does not significantly alter the pattern of learning difficulties that usually accompany Down syndrome (Buckley, 2000 p. 9). Children with Down syndrome are born at the same rate to parents of all social and education levels, in all ethnic groups and to parents of all ages. Although the risk of having a child with Down syndrome increases with maternal age, a baby with Down syndrome can be born to a mother of any age (Buckley, 2000 p. 9). However, Down syndrome patients are not entirely bound to live in an abnormal environment in accordant to their condition. In fact, various organization and sectors in society encourage the normal living of these individuals. All children with Down syndrome should stay with the family, and most can be mainstreamed into kindergarten (Cicchetti and Beeghly, 1999 p. 302). It is essential to use measures for Down syndrome to monitor growth and development. In the advent of their maturation and growth, most of these individuals with Down syndrome are able to leave home, work, and form relationships. In fact, some are even noted to have the capacity to handle their own family (Taylor and David, 2005 p. 41) Scientific and medical research on Down syndrome is gaining momentum. Research is continuing on identifying the genes in chromosome 21 that cause the characteristics of Down syndrome. According to the National Down Syndrome Society, it will be possible eventually to improve, correct, and prevent many of the problems associated with Down syndrome. There is hope that in the future, the ongoing research on Down syndrome will lead to development of an intervention and cure (Nielsen, 2002 p. 61). Down Syndrome Statistics Down syndrome was the first intellectual disability described and is the most common genetic form of intellectual disability. Due to its frequency, the general-public is most aware of Down syndrome, and for many, it is the prototypical form of intellectual disability. Approximately 7000 infants are born in the United States each year with Down syndrome. In fact, Down syndrome accounts for approximately one-third of children in special education (Harris, 2005 p. 194). The condition is not attributable to any behavioral activity of the parents or environmental etiologies, although some research on environment counters such statement. The probability that another child with Down syndrome will be born in a subsequent pregnancy is approximately 1%, regardless of maternal age. However, a number of risk factors have been investigated, including geographic location, race, ethnicity, season of birth and environmental hazards; however, none of these have been found relevant to affect the occurrence of the said condition (Harris, 2005 p. 194). The incidence of trisomy 21 correlates strongly with increasing maternal age children of older mothers has much greater risk of having Down syndrome. Up to mid-30s, women have a constant risk of giving birth to a trisomic child of about one per 1000 live births. Incidence then increases sharply to 1 in 30 at age 45 years (Jobling, 2006). The estimated incidence of Down syndrome is between 1 in 800-1,200 live births. The risk of a mother having a second child with Down syndrome is 1% regardless of maternal age, unless the syndrome is associated with translocation of chromosome 21 (Rubin and Strayer, 2007 p. 190). Medical Model- Genetic Testing and Perspectives In general, Down syndrome samples and normal or other mentally retarded groups of similar mental or chronological age have been compared at a single point in time. Medical practitioner perceives the condition more of a genetic disorder than a pathological disease. Guided by the principle of naturalism and existence, the health care practitioners further view the person with Down syndrome in a biological means rather than the sociological and physical morphology in order to deliver the rightful care (Rogers and Coleman, 2002 p. 8). To some point of logic, these practitioners possess the capacity to analyze and predetermine the conditions of these individuals. Most often than not, medical field comprehends the totality of the Down syndrome’s behavior, attitude and perception towards their environment. However, the burden takes in since, the actual condition still possess no cure, but only therapeutic procedurals and pharmacologic therapy for symptoms. In addition, genetic preview is the prime intervention that they can do in order to prevent further progression of the condition, or the conception itself. Genetic tests involve laboratory analyses of chromosomes, genes, or gene products (enzymes of proteins) to detect a gene alteration that can be the etiological agent or is likely to induce a specific genetic disorder or condition. Genetic testing can be DNA- or RNA-based, chromosomal, or biochemical in nature and procedurals, which possess various advantage and disadvantages. Genetic tests are currently used to predict risk of disease, to screen newborns for genetic conditions, to screen pregnant women for risk of genetic conditions, fore prenatal or clinical diagnoses or prognoses, and to direct clinical care. The procedures of chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis are the primary genetic testing involved in the detection of Down syndrome (Jenkins and Lea, 2004 p. 75). Parental and Public Model: Perspective of Parents and Community One of the impending fears of the parents, especially the conceiving mothers, is to have their child born with abnormalities and conditions, especially those genetic in nature that usually possess no direct treatment. The anxiety that occurs to the parents is usually the conceptual urge that they might not be able to acquire a normal family with an abnormal condition of their child, such as those with Down syndrome (Harris, 2005 p. 194). The condition is permanent and, most likely, gradually modifiable accompanied by costly therapies and treatments. Such condition is very much frustrating and disappointing especially for the parents. Most often than not, families with Down syndrome patients view their child as an inactive, unproductive, and to the point of insignificance. In fact, they nurse and nurture the child until they serve their burden character in the family, which triggers further depression, anxiety and frustration among these parents. In addition, the fear of having another child or future conceptions may be affected if a Down syndromic child has been born in their lineage. The family expansion tends to be withdrawn and halted, or to the point of family breakdown (Place, 2007). However, such perception is not considered to be the overall established mechanism of Down syndrome child management in the family. Other informed and educated families, despite of their child’s condition, even enhances their child’s development, nurture the fad in which they are in, enhances social interaction, and further development (Harris, 2005 p. 194; Place, 2007). Although, some point of these procedures require costly services especially for special child care and affiliations to such institutions. Model Applications: Societal Perception towards the Condition Behaviorism, humanism, and sociological labeling are some of the theoretical concepts that govern the attitude of community over these individuals. As the condition of Down syndrome progresses, the impact of various historical evolutions on the disease progression has greatly influenced the society’s perception over these individuals. In the past, the occurrence of these conditions had been attributed to Mongolian–like appearance; hence, connoted as mongoloids (Rogers and Coleman, 2002 p. 8). However, this notion did not remain in the society, and soon after, it was also discarded. Behaviorism Theoretical Model Behaviorism is the theoretical concept that mainly focuses on behavioral patterns, motives, and actions of individuals towards other subjects. The concept played a major explanation for the occurrence of such community perception towards Down syndrome patients. The focus is on specific behavior, and the orientation is very much on the here and now. The basic principle underlying behaviorism is that all behavior is learned (Vito etal, 2007 p. 115). The fundamental behaviors are learned by operant conditioning and by imitation of other’s behavior. The condition of the learned behavior is strengthened by reward and avoidance of punishment or weakened by lack of reward and aversive stimuli. Whether a given behavior pattern persists depends on the differential reinforcement – the rewards and punishments attached to that behavior and the rewards and punishments attached to alternative behavior. In the past, children with the condition have experienced tremendous discrimination from their community. They have experienced social isolation due to the conditions of insurgence in behavior similarities. Community inscribed the conditions of these individuals as abnormals in the society; hence, validated by behavioral negativism, the abnormality viewed by the community has caused them to be discriminated (Harris, 2005 p. 194). However, such discrimination has been validated by the research conducted by Kliewer (1998) wherein literary discriminative behavior was proven if rightful or appropriate response towards such individuals. The methodology includes 10 students with Down syndrome that were examined for two annual periods. During the course of 2 school years, the research conducted tape-records of 45 observations and 12 interviews that resulted in 1,300 pages of field notes. The research reveled that the actual progression of condition does not affect the literary capacity of the individuals. In fact, the students have evidently manifested communicative directives over literary needs. Although, the researched behavior of these individuals have been validated to possess lesser response towards isolation (Kliewer, 1998). The unproductiveness and inactive character of Down syndrome patients have established the behavioral discriminative approach of the community towards these individuals. By the principle of operant conditioning, the community has instilled to their minds that such individuals are burdens of their families and of the society; hence, they are discriminated and not provided with equal rights. Humanism Theoretical Model Meanwhile, as the conceptual framework of humanism converges with the view of humanitarian help over such in-need individuals. The concept that prevails in Humanism is the value of human life itself, regardless of the person’s outward or inward status in terms of disease, financial nature, etc. As for this theoretical model, it depicts the equal rights of individuals to be imposed since, human beings are supposed to be valued above all else. The essential core of social environment should disregard the impairments of such individuals, and perceived them with equal view (Buckley, 2000 p. 9). The research of Appl (1998) has tried to validate possible benefits of Down syndrome in the enhancement of their societal relationships through adult-child interactions. The participants of the research include 26 families that possess at least one or more children with Down syndrome have been analyzed in a 10 years observation. The research has established inclusive criteria that require a family of complete members, particularly the parents, child’s age ranging from 7 to 15 years old, and validated assessment of capacity to properly deliver care for the individuals with Down syndrome. Meanwhile, the research also monitors the condition of 26 individuals with Down syndrome present in the orphanages with same age criterion to test any possible differences during span of growth. The methodology involves quarterly assessment of both mental, physical, and emotional stabilities of the subjects involved. Results revealed insignificant variations over the first 3 years; however, as the time pass by, behavioral changes and cognitive comprehension had increased on those individuals living in families. Such claim was validated through the use of paper and pencil exam that depicts simple picture identification tests, which revealed higher results ranging from an average score of 15 pts. out 20 pts. to perfect score. The score rating of family groups ranges from 14 pts. to 20 pts. with majority’s score of 17 pts. , while family groups of Down syndrome in orphanages revealed 9-13 pts. with 11pts. as the most predominant (Appl, 1998). Social Construction Theoretical Model Social model views disability as the result of a dynamic process involving complex interactions among biologic, behavioral, psychologic, social and environmental factors. The social model enables people with disabilities to look at themselves in a more positive way, which increases their self-esteem and independence. In addition, the model also advocates looking beyond a person’s impairment and functional limitation to all and equal participant in society (Brown et al. , 2006 p. 462). The model has been tested by the experiment of Gloria (2001) in the school setting in terms of Down syndrome children’s capacity to perform well in normal education firms. As opposed to the sociological labels implicated by the society over these individuals in terms of literary competence, and cognitive capacities most evidently in the past was validated by research of Gloria (2001). The procedure was supported by National Down Syndrome Society through the provision of list of affiliates all over United States as well as Puerto Rico. A total of 250 questionnaires were sent to those parents with and without child/children with Down syndrome that participated in the research. The design of the questionnaire contained four levels of questioning: 1) background experience of the teacher, including amount of teaching experience, knowledge of special education, and knowledge/attitude toward inclusion; 2) teacher preparation for inclusion by the district and/or parent, and the transition process of the student; 3) classroom information on curriculum used, class arrangement for instruction, and maintenance of therapies and support services; and 4) classroom management issues, including instructional and behavioral management strategies. The objective was to determine the methods that general educators felt effective or otherwise with the inclusion of children with Down syndrome in their general education classes. In addition, the survey aims to evaluate the education standards provided by the academic groups among Down syndrome patients, and consequent response (Gloria, 2001). The results of the surveys revealed that Down syndrome patients still posses the capacity to enter general educational firm (Gloria, 2001); hence, validating their capacity to outlive the discriminations implicated to them by the society. Such individuals still possess the capacity to enter and conform to human societal standards provided with proper, extensive and appropriate guidelines of modifications (Jobling, 2006). As with the research conducted, Down syndrome individuals may still possess the capacity to outlive their condition and live their life normally. The advantage of such model is the provision of probable humanitarian approach of equity towards these individuals. However, with the dynamic progression and varying capacity of Down syndrome individuals may compromise the claims of norm capacity, which is the prime disadvantage of the theoretical application. Further validation and research that conjure positive and similar results may prove the claims and validate the implicated statement. Summary and Conclusions As for the research arguments proposed in the study, the discriminative outlook of the society over these individuals is evidently negated. Down syndrome patients may possess actual evidence of defect yet the capacity to outlive and improve is still present among these individuals provided that proper guidance, upbringing, environment, and appropriate personnel are present in their social circle. As the behaviorist implies, the differentiation of the trisomic features and behavior have left these individuals discriminated, has been proven irrational in this research. The social label that such individuals are poor in cognition and developmental capacities has been negated by the humanistic approach of validation, which proves that enhancement and development among these individuals are still possible. References Appl, D. J. (1998, September 2). Children with Down Syndrome: implications for adult-child interactions in inclusive settings.. Journal of Research in Childhood Education , 64, 443-451. Reviews research on children with Down Syndrome, highlighting physical, medical, intellectual, language, and behavioral characteristics that provide valuable information for caregivers and teachers in planning and intervention. Reviews research on parent-child interactions, providing guidelines for caregivers and teachers working in inclusive settings. Suggests that interactions and environments must be adjusted to support the uniqueness of each child. Brown etal, S. P. (2006). Exercise Physiology: Basis of Human Movement in Health and Disease. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Designed as the principal text for undergraduate courses in exercise physiology and science, this unique and informative text combines general undergraduate material with vital clinical information not found in competing resources. Key content includes detailed coverage of muscle physiology as well as evidence-based clinical information that helps students link theory to practice. Questions and answers help students review core material and reinforce concepts essential to effective practice. Abundant tables, graphs, and full-color illustrations support the text. Buckley, S. (2000). Living with Down Syndrome. The Down Syndrome Educational Trust. Offers a person-focused introduction to Down syndrome. This book explains the effects of Down syndrome on development, stressing that while individuals with Down syndrome do have special needs, they are people first, with the same rights and human needs as everyone else in their communities.

Obsessive and ill-developed Essay Example

Obsessive and ill Obsessive and ill-developed Essay Obsessive and ill-developed Essay On one hand, by allowing Sneerwell this opinion, Sheridan might be discrediting it. On the other, he was directly opposed to the sentimental comedies of the time, those lacking malice, perhaps suggesting it is an opinion he holds. It is interesting to note the phrase little ill nature almost juxtaposed with the negativity viewed in the cast. The opposing opinion is offered by the heroine, Maria, wit loses its respect with me when I see it in company with malice. However, she is a minor character, lacking in personality, and it is questionable that Sheridan would align his opinions with hers. After all, she is the only character lacking in malice, yet she also completely lacks wit.Pope, on the other hand, appears capable of creating wit almost lacking in malice. Fate urgd the sheers, and cut the Sylph in twain, (But airy substance soon unites again) The use of the mock epic technique elevates the incidence and offers it an importance which the event does not deserve. This creates wit in the over dramatic nature of the language. However, it might be considered that Pope is malicious in his trivialising of what, to Arabella Fermor, was a serious issue, one from which her reputation never fully recovered (she died a spinster). By contrasting major incidence with trivial ones, Pope continues to mock the petty feminine concerns, When husbands or when lapdogs breathe their last.Or when rich China vessels falln from high, In glittring dust, and painted fragments lie! Yet, again the language feels anti-femine and almost misogynistic, the female concerns are not allowed to be take n seriously in the text and little context is offered to suggest why these things are so important to women. Yet, there do appear to be cases of Pope mocking the male mentality. The baron is viewed as obsessive and ill-developed.For example As long as Atalantis shall be read so long by honour, name and praise shall live! mirrors Shakespeares sonnet 18. This mirroring is replicated in canto 5 of the poem, when after millions slain, yourself shall die; when those fair suns shall set, as set they must, And all those tresses shall be laid in dust; This Lock, the Muse shall consecrate to fame, And midst the stars inscribe Belindas name. The mirroring of Shakespeare follows his mock epic technique of mirroring great works of literature, furthermore, by comparing the trivial act of cutting hair with Shakespeares great work, Pope highlights the ridiculous notion that cutting hair will grant the Barons name immortality. The Baron is made out to be self-absorbed and ignorant, hardly a good quality. Yet the text remains witty and not malicious.One clear difference between the two texts, and perhaps wit and malice, comes in the opening. Whist Pope talks to, and involves, the audience, What mighty contests rise from trivial things,, Sheridan directly, and openly, attacks their society, A school for scandal! Tell me, I beseech you, Needs there a school this modish art to teach you? This appears to highlight the difference of subtlety, whilst both writers attempt to mock the society they view around them, Sheridan is far more open and blatant in his goings. In the opening lines he mocks fashion modish art and the relationship that women hold with each other a school for scandal! Pope, in contrast, appeals to the intelligence of his audience to notice the trivial things that society makes seem important.It is highly difficult to find a passage in either text which is purely malice and not at all witty. This might suggest that malice is always witty, though wit is not always malicious. Wit in the absence of malice appears to be cleverer and more subtle, this is a clear difference between the two texts.

Week 7 Discussion Question 2 Retained Earnings Assignment

Week 7 Discussion Question 2 Retained Earnings - Assignment Example Items contained in this section are usually complex to various audiences (Greiner, 2002). To prepare a balance sheet that serves its purpose, accountants should make orderly arrangement of items contained in the section according to people’s knowledge. For instance, entries in the section should correspond to easily identifiable items (Weygandt, Kimmel, & Kieso, 2010). Accountants should also refrain from using complex terminologies when creating entries for the section. 2. Evaluate what a cumulative loss in the retained earnings section of a company’s balance sheet might indicate about the financial performance in the future, indicating how this may influence decisions made about the company. Provide support for your answer. The retained earnings section indicates a company’s success through a comparison of its income and expenses. Cumulative loss in the retained earning section indicates poor performance of the company (Greiner, 2002). This implies that the company is not creating sufficient net profit to cater for its losses. In addition cumulative loses also indicate postponed payments to the company’s creditors. This indicates that the company is operating on borrowed credit and, therefore at risk of

Sociology 1006E Working Poor in Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sociology 1006E Working Poor in Canada - Essay Example no particular poverty lines, which makes hinders the efforts to identify the appropriate interventions to reduce poverty among the most vulnerable groups (McQuillan & Ravanera, 66). Lee observes that poverty rose by 28.6% between 1990 and 1995 when there was a notable increase (6.1%) in the country’s total population (57). This increase was far more than economic growth in the country within that period. The metropolitan urban areas such as Montreal and Vancouver among others are inhabited by majority of the poor. Poverty among children and the youth, the aged and women is high which is indicator of the impact of poverty in the country due to the fact that children and the youth are the majority in the nation’s population. Majority of people with low levels of education such as below secondary are poor, even though there are more than 8% of poor people in cities who have attained post secondary education. The level of skills is also a major determinant of the poverty prevalence in the country, with the people with low skills being vulnerable to poverty (Beaujot & Kerr, 78). The country is faced with extensive layoffs as well as a reduction in permanent employment, downsizing in companies and declining social assistance rates. These have contributed to the rising levels of poverty. Globalization has significantly contributed to these occurrences especially with the improvements in communication, transport network as well as liberalization of trade, which has led to increased competition for the Canadian industries. Investors shifted their investment to the third world countries that apart from the low competition provide cheap labor compared to the Canadian labor force. This led to the closure of most companies in the country, thereby reducing employment opportunities especially for the unskilled labor (Liu & Kerr, 116). Moreover, there is an increasing trend towards computerization of most operations in many organizations, which is another major factor that

5 cold war Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

5 cold war - Assignment Example The disintegration of the communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union was the most unexpected and rapid major economic and social transformation that occurred in the 20th century. Although the demise of communism in Eastern Europe was largely peaceful, it had extremely destabilizing repercussions in the Soviet Union. This was due to the fact that communism was founded on two defining economic features which were characterized by a centralized command economy in which prices as well as output targets were administratively fixed. It is worth noting that the key premise behind communism was that the cause of human suffering was capitalism and its subsequent lack of the distribution of wealth. The heaviest price that was paid by the relatively disorganized manner in which communism ended was the financial/ monetary costs that the European countries had to face, and the subsequent debt the states would have to the West for the economic assistance offered to help in the building of market economies in the East. There was an unexpected high cost to reunification and reconstruction in the East which consequently caused tension which spilled over the country’s borders. Additionally, there was a quick growth in the number of Eastern European immigrants which in turn spurred powerful racists and rightist political movements which ultimately culminated in anti-immigrant riots. Unfortunately, as a result, there was a great increase in unemployment caused by the chaos on the currency markets in Europe and the fragmenting of the European monetary system. There was a lingering recession characterized by unemployment and hyperinflation where people’s savings were exhausted. Unfortunately, European governments were preoccupied with striving to lower their budget deficits as well as the national inflation and had little room to deal with the issue of unemployment or any other social issues that arose from the collapse of communism. Therefore, due to the mentioned

Static And Dynamic Spectrum Allocation Computer Science Essay

Static And Dynamic Spectrum Allocation Computer Science Essay As the requirements of the wireless services keep growing, the number of variant wireless standards increases, which consequently imposes increasing stress on the fixed and limited radio spectrum. However, extensive measurements reported indicate that large part of licensed bands is in low utilization, as show in Figure 2.1. Spectrum utilization is strongly depended on place and time. Fixed spectrum allocation wastes resources. [1] Figure .1 Spectrum Utilization Nowadays applications require more bandwidth for better services. Electromagnetic spectrum, however, is a kind of limited natural resource as well as water and crude oil. Recent studies noted the poor utilization of traditional exclusive spectrum assignment. An intuitional way to improve the sparse usage is to allow an unlicensed user to access the resource during idle time. We can improve efficiency by allowing unlicensed users to exploit spectrum whenever it would not cause interference to licensed users. 2.2 Spectrum Assignment Policy: Why A fixed spectrum fraction is assigned to licensed holders on a long term basis for large geographical regions. Figure 2.2 show fixed spectrum assignment to different standards. Figure 2.2 Spectrum Assignment policy According to Federal Communications Commission (FCC), this exclusive assignment limits the usage and results in many spectrum holes, also called white space. It shows most traffic over wireless network concentrates on particular frequency, in particular region, at particular time while a significant amount of the spectrum remains unused. Throughout the whole spectra, utilization varies from 15% to 85% in frequency, time and geographic domains. Much worse is that, 90% of the time, certain portions of licensed bands are unoccupied. As users demand for better quality of services and higher data rate, efficient spectrum usage is becoming a critical issue. [2] 2.3 Static and Dynamic Spectrum Allocation: There has been numerous protocol standards on the wireless spectrum that rely on a static spectrum allocation policy under which each licensed spectrum band is statically assigned to the specific licensed service and its users. Once a spectrum band is assigned to a certain service, its allocation is not allowed to change. However, a new concept of dynamic spectrum allocation has become necessary to overcome critical limitations of the traditional static al location scheme. Recent studies have shown that the use of static spectrum allocation has degraded spectral efficiency significantly. Moreover, current standards cannot guarantee the prevention of unexpected interruptions by wireless network users. To alleviate these problems, FCC has recently suggested a new concept of cognitive radio networks (CRNs) that serves as a framework in realizing dynamic spectrum allocation. It requires the enhancement of current PHY and MAC protocols to adopt spectrum-agile features. The basic idea of s pectrum agility is to allow secondary users (SUs) or unlicensed users to access licensed spectrum bands as far as they do not produce undesirable interference with the licensed users. To achieve this goal, SUs must monitor each channelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s usage pattern by its PUs to identify spectrum holes or opportunities to exploit. Whenever SUs find a channel that can be utilized without interfering with its PUs, it can be assigned to and will be shared by the SUs. The SUs are also responsible for monitoring returning PUs on the channel they are currently using so as to promptly vacate the channel in such a case. [3] 2.4 Unlicensed Spectrum: There are two major advantages of using unlicensed spectrum. First, there is no requirement to register for using the spectrum and its deployment is very fast and cost effective as well. Second major advantage of using unlicensed spectrum is that it is shared among users which is indeed useful for wireless systems in which devices can dynamically change its position like notebooks, cell phones, etc. It would not be practical to require the owners of a portable device to acquire a license that covers every place they may ever wish the system to operate. Fixed applications that transmit sporadically or at fluctuating rates can also make more efficient use of unlicensed spectrum; when one is not transmitting, another can. It has been shown that cellular systems could carry significantly more traffic if they shared spectrum dynamically, provided that competing firms are willing to adopt cooperative strategies that serve their common interest. Metropolitan area networks carrying bursty da ta traffic could expect even greater efficiency gains, if competing networks can be motivated to adopt such techniques. [11] 2.4.1 ISM band: The industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands were originally reserved internationally for the use of RF electromagnetic fields for industrial, scientific and medical purposes other than communications. Figure 2.3 shows spectrum of ISM band. [13] Figure 2.3: ISM Band There are many factors which raises interest for using these bands such as time consuming standardization. Also, there is no requirement of registering the users using these bands, no particular restrictions on users for their usage and users can use the products anywhere at any place. There is no license fee for this band and the devices using these bands are cost effective. Many wireless communication standards are aimed to use unlicensed ISM band because it is easier to coexist with existing wireless networks than to assign a new separate empty spectrum. Currently most of spectrums for wireless communication are saturated. There are heavy interference and competition in ISM band because many wireless devices flow into this frequency area. On the contrary, spectrums of TV broadcasting, digital TV and wireless microphone tend to inactive depend on devicesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ location or time. In TV broadcasting, the spectrum is busy in TV broadcasting hours, but no one can use the spe ctrum when broadcasting signs off. Also TV spectrum is changed in compliance with localization. The 2.4 GHz ISM band has become particularly popular in last few years such as household and virtually all commercial buildings are likely to have equipment that operates in this band. Applications include wireless LANs, Bluetooth and infrared devices for short range communication and for Advanced Traveler Information and Management Systems like door openers for garage, home audio system, cordless phones, remote control, etc. 2.5 Wireless Regional Area Network (IEEE 802.22): IEEE 802.22 Working Group came in to being in November 2004 with a purpose of making a standard for wireless regional area network (WRAN) capable of using cognitive radio technology. According to its technical specifications, 802.22 WRAN systems will operate on the VHF/UHF TV bands ranging from 54 MHz to 862 MHz. The target of WRAN is to provide wireless broadband access with the average coverage radius of 33 km and can go up to 100km. The main target is to make unlicensed access to unused TV spectrum. In particular, 802.22 WRAN systems will be able to sense the spectrum, identify unused TV channels, and utilize these channels to provide broadband services for fixed wireless subscribers. While doing so, they must make sure that there is no undesirable interference with licensed users. Figure 2.4 shows the WRAN standards and application.[8] Figure 2.4: WRAN IEEE 802.22 is a standard for Wireless Regional Area Network (WRAN) which uses unused spectrum (spectrum whole) in the TV frequency spectrum on a non-interference basis. This standard is developed with the intent to give broadband internet coverage in rural areas with acceptable performance comparing with performance of DSL and cable modems. The television spectrum was selected for this application due to its propagation characteristics. Cognitive radios will reuse TV spectrum in an opportunistic way by detecting if the channel is occupied before using it. 2.6 Summary: Due to the rapid growth of wireless services, various wireless standards have been developed which are becoming a cause of major stress in fixed and limited spectrum. However fixed spectrum results in low utilization of spectrum resources as per the spectrum assignment policy. Now days, applications require more spectrum for efficient services. The fixed spectrum is not convenient for these services. Therefore, this problem can be improved efficiently by allowing unlicensed users to exploit spectrum whenever it would not cause interference to licensed users. The fixed spectrum policy that relies on a static spectrum allocation policy under which each licensed spectrum band is statically assigned to the specific licensed service and its users and its allocation is not allowed to change. In order to solve this issue a new concept of dynamic spectrum allocation also known as unlicensed spectrum policy has become necessary to overcome critical limitations of the traditional static allocation scheme. To make this concept more efficient, a new technology called cognitive radio technology has been developed. The basic idea behind this technology is to allow secondary users (SUs) to access licensed spectrum bands as far as they do not cause any harmful interference with the primary users (PUs). The unlicensed spectrum has two major advantages i.e., one is they are fast and cheap in deployment and other is unlicensed spectrum is shared. As sharing is essential for wireless networks, many wireless communication standards are aimed to use unlicensed ISM band because of complete absence of user restrictions and it is easier to coexist with existing wireless networks than to allocate new empty spectrum. Cognitive radio technology is being used in WRAN developed by IEEE 802.22 working group give broadband services in rural areas having the performance statistics comparable to DSL and cable modems by utilizing white spaces on non-interference basis.

I Am Proud to Be An American Soldier Essay -- I Am Happy To Be A Soldi

The United States has long been known for having a military presence that few would dare to challenge. The catalyst has not been in having billions in defense funds, it has not been in having huge weapons of mass destruction, it is the heart and spirit of the soldier. I am very proud to be a part of this long and proud tradition of upholding the ideals set forth in the U.S. Constitution. It is something that I would recommend to all willing and able college students. It instills a sense of pride and satisfaction that is matched by no other. As a soldier, there are many options as far as what type of soldier you wish to be. It is similar to choosing a career in the civilian world. The first step in this process is choosing your military branch. There are four main branches in the military; the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Army is the branch that I chose. The Army is the largest branch, in terms of the number of soldiers, with an impressive five hundred thousand soldiers on active duty, five-hundred thousand in the Reserves, and three-hundred thousand in the National Guard. The Army is responsible for the majority of land combat in a War. These soldiers are also trained to occupy other countries if necessary (Iraq, Afghanistan, and Mogadishu.) In peace time, the Army’s main deterrent of other country’s aggression is its large presence throughout the world. There are deployed soldiers in over one-hundred countries at any certain time, along with huge ship...

Macbeth and Free Will Essay

In Desiderius Erasmus’s Defense of Free Will, he refutes Martin Luther’s creed that God predestines everyone’s lives and instead asserts that man alone possesses the power to choose his own path to either salvation or damnation. The play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, raises similar questions – did the protagonist, Macbeth, willingly choose to commit such atrocities as killing the king and his court to feed his own ambition, or did he merely play the role of a pawn, performing that which fate bade him do? Amid much controversy over this issue, evidence both in Erasmus’s critical essay and in the play itself affirms that Macbeth cognitively decides to act as he does in the play, confirming Erasmus’s perspective and suggesting that people have the ability to dictate their own fate through their thoughts, decisions, and actions. Through his interpretation of the Old and New Testaments in the Bible, Erasmus writes in favor of free will over predestination, a concept that, when applied to the character Macbeth, raises questions about the motives behind his detestable actions. In his essay, Erasmus explores the â€Å"power of the human† (46) to â€Å"turn away from what leads to eternal salvation† (46). According to this opinion, Macbeth makes a conscious choice to pursue a life of crime and sin, instead of simply following his fate. Macbeth’s plea that the â€Å"stars hide [their] fires† (1. 4. 57) so that â€Å"light [would not] see [his] black and deep desires† (1. 4. 58) indicates that Macbeth remains aware that his â€Å"wicked, rebellious will† (Erasmus, 48) lies within himself, and he fears the consequences of his sinful deeds. This very fear of punishment reflects the existence of free will in Macbeth – as Erasmus inquires, â€Å"why [should God] curse me, when I sinned through necessity? † (47). Macbeth’s clear understanding of the evil that he plans to commit and his fear of divine punishment suggest that characters in Macbeth choose their actions as opposed to following their destiny. Macbeth’s evil actions, however, are not completely driven by an inherent evil nature; although he does have free will in the play, he becomes a slave to his ruthless ambition because of his own moral weakness. As Erasmus writes, â€Å"there are certain seeds of goodness planted in men’s minds† (50), although â€Å"the will is perhaps more inclined to evil than to good† (50). In other words, everyone possesses both good and bad within them, and it is up to the individual person to â€Å"[turn themselves] towards, or away from, faith† (48-9). Macbeth’s apparently latent moral code surfaces occasionally throughout the first act in his moments of wavering in his violent resolve; he tells Lady Macbeth that they â€Å"will proceed no further in this business† (1.7. 34) in one of the scenes preceding the murder. However, the manipulative Lady Macbeth must only mention that which Macbeth desires and question his masculinity to crush Macbeth’s good side and force it to submit to his evil ambition. The ease with which Lady Macbeth extinguishes Macbeth’s doubt of the evil plan highlights Macbeth’s weakness for his ambition. Macbeth becomes a slave not to the devil, but instead to the very evil that resides within himself. Neither heaven nor hell predetermines Macbeth’s actions in the play; it is in fact his inability to compromise his ruthless ambition that ultimately forces him into crime. He chooses to sin of his own accord, and therefore faces his final punishment that sets the world back in order at the end of the tragedy. Through their individual works, Shakespeare and Erasmus imply that humans have free will to determine their own actions, and only the strongest of heart will succeed in accomplishing the work of God.

Church management Essay Example

Church management Essay Example Church management Essay Church management Essay Abstraction My proposal is to supply you with an Integrated Parish Management Solution which will synchronise all direction processes including attending records. church activities records. fiscal records. rank personal informations etc. The demand for a customized Integrated Parish Management Solution for the Church can non be over emphatic because the solution will be tailored in work outing your church’s alone demands. The Incorporate Solution would present a individual database incorporating informations for the different package faculties to be developed. The faculties that would be developed are: ?Financial Faculty -Manage Contributions. Search Cash Expenses. Manage Offering Types. etc. ?Church Activity Module-Would provide the functionality of Searching Past Activities. New Church Activity. Testimonies. New testimony. Manage Activity Types etc. ?Membership and People Management Module – Would supply the functionality of Searching for Parish members. new members. Membership by Type. New Converts. Search for First-Timers. etc. ?Groups and Department Module – Would Pull off Groups. Manage Departments Activities. etc. ?Report Faculty -would give Attendance study. Fiscal Report. Membership Detail Report. etc. We are cognizant that your fold members are your most valuable assets and purpose to guarantee that you are able to supply them with that personal and intimate attention required for deep committedness and trueness on the portion of the parishioners. Our solution aims to help the church in the undermentioned countries: Membership Personal Information Management Church public presentation analysis and Coverage Easy Access to All Information about Every Individual Reducing Membership Outflow Building Enduring Personal relationship with the Members Solve all Record Keeping Issues Manage All Financial Records Visual and Graphic Illustration of the Church Performance Per Time High Security and Back Up Strategy Effective Follow-up system for new Converts and First -timers We propose to deploy a robust Integrated Church direction Solution. This solution will concentrate chiefly on incorporating all cardinal Church direction procedures and will ensue in ultimate member satisfaction with your services by supplying a fast and efficient rank follow-up scheme. This is why our Integrated Parish Management Solution is designed to help you to efficaciously tackle information about your Members. Curates. Workers. all Department and Group in the church. and other resources which should interpret to better Background Today. even with the digital transmutation that the universe is undergoing. legion churches still use manual record maintaining systems. Every record get downing with members’ inside informations all the manner to the really delicate fiscal inside informations are kept manually. A instance survey conducted at King’ong’o PCEA parish at Nyeri prove that churches are still in the parallel universe despite the chase of the word to the digital highs. The church is an of all time turning entity. More people are converted and more kids are born into Christian places. Gone are the yearss when curates. shepherds. priests. bishops and the likes knew each and every member of his church personally. Churchs are no longer merely families. grades are offered. histories are kept. people are wedded and the public assistance of members is accompanied to. Imagine what a professional football squad would be like without a regimen of pattern drills? Now take away their playbook and participant statistics. What you have in this utmost scenario are extremely talented ( and possibly overpaid ) persons take parting in organized pandemonium. They might really win a game or two. but in the long tally. this squad is doomed. This illustration is to drive place the point of why any organisation demands to analyze the being and effectivity of its direction systems. The universe is going Information and technologically based. For this ground. Management Systems have been introduced into assorted industries runing from the educational to the wellness sector and even into agribusiness amongst other things. A direction Information System is a system to change over informations from internal and external beginnings into information. in an appropriate signifier. to direction at all degrees in all maps to enable them to do timely and effectual determinations for planning. directing and commanding the activities for which they are response. The Church is non excluded from these industries. The Church Management and Information System is a system for churches to pull off their operations expeditiously and consistently ( Wikipedia. 2012 ) . It is besides a specialised package that assists churches in organisation and mechanization of day-to-day operations. Current System King’ong’o PCEA uses a to the full manual system of maintaining all its records. Fiscal records. which need a batch of transparence and answerability. are kept in manus written paperss. A batch of minutess affecting money are carried out by the parish. For case. pull offing contributions from church members and sympathizers. pull offing offerings and tithes by members. seeking and pull offing hard currency disbursals by the church etc. All the fiscal inside informations are kept manually which is cumbrous and prone to errors. Defects can easy happen with this system doing it non dependable ad naming for a redress. The church besides needs to maintain path of activities that take topographic point in the church every twenty-four hours. For case. seeking past activities by the parish. freshly integrated church activities. testimonies. new testimonies. pull offing activity types etc. Other things besides need record maintaining like pull offing people and the issue of rank to the church. In this instance. records for new members. new converts. First-timers etc. necessitate to be kept. With the bing system. seeking the records is cumbrous and time-consuming. Records of groups and sections associating to the church ought to be maintained for the benefit of the church. Department activities need to be decently recorded and updated consequently and retrieved as per the church direction demands. Retrieval of these records is difficult since they are kept in files in written paperss. Recovering a record involves perusing through a immense figure of files. A batch of clip is wasted recovering manual records. Reports need to be kept and retrieved as per the demands of church directors. For case. attending studies for church members. fiscal studies after a certain sum of clip. rank inside informations study etc. Reports for the bing system involves traveling through relevant records manually and coming up with the needed studies. This is cumbrous and time-wasting. Proposed system A package system is proposed to replace the manual system for maintaining records. A fiscal faculty is used to automatize fiscal record maintaining and retrieval. A database is used to hive away fiscal inside informations of the parish. An interface is provided for interacting with the database whereby a user can compose into the database and they can question the database as per their demands. Financial information maintaining is made easy through this package solution and besides seeking of fiscal inside informations made even more easier through the proposed package. Through an Activity faculty. day-to-day activities in the church are stored in a database which is updated to encompass new activities. A platform for pass oning to the database is offered where the user ( authorized ) interacts with the database ( writes into the database and queries the database ) . With the new system. activities in the church are recorded in database tabular arraies and can ever be retrieved with their several day of the months via questions. A batch of valuable clip is saved through the new system. Departments are automated utilizing a section faculty. This faculty offers an interface for come ining inside informations of involvement into the database. Since departmental inside informations are of premier importance in every bit far as the church is concerned. proper inside informations associating to the Parish ought to be kept and retrieved with easiness. The user hunts records associating to a section of involvement with a batch of easiness through the interface provided by the departments’ faculty. The awkwardness with the manual system would therefore be alleviated by the proposed package solution. Report coevals with the proposed system is automated ( made alarmingly easy ) through the Report faculty. This is done through incorporating database SQL capabilities into the package. Fiscal studies. activity studies etc. can be generated through merely pressing a button which will give prompts to the user on the studies they want. The tyre and the ennui associated with perusing through records to pull a study are wholly eradicated through the proposed package solution. The assorted faculties defined with different functionalities are integrated to organize a harmoniously and efficaciously working package to go to the manual job of maintaining Parish records. Problem statement Keeping records manually is utterly cumbersome since it involves handwriting or typing every item of involvement. Managing physical records is cumbrous since storage infinite is needed and they can be affected by natural fortunes such as plagues and unfavourable environment. Additionally. roll uping studies for physical ( manual ) records is non an easy undertaking since it involves walking through all records and pulling information of involvement. A batch of forces is needed to maintain records for the different church sections and keep them and this comes with higher costs due to rewards for the record keepers. King’ong’o PCEA Parish is one of the victims of the above mentioned jobs which the proposed system wishes to supply a redress for. Scope The ensuing Integrated Parish Management Solution will be in English and will include subsystems and functionality to back up the followers: FINANCIAL MODULE The Financial Module comes with the right tools to help in the church in direction of the followers: Contributions and Contributions Offerings and tithes Cash Expense and lots Donations direction is a cardinal country in this faculty as single contributions by members and linked to the major contributions which help to reply inquiries like ( How much has being released from a peculiar contribution proclamation ) The offering direction allows the church to enter any sort of offering type. therefore non curtailing you to any signifier of predefined construction. GROUPS AND DEPARTMENT MANAGEMENT MODULE Grouping system encourages the engagement of members in the church. church+ takes particular attention in the execution of grouping. the system comes with a flexible system for any signifier of group to be created by the users and members added to groups. Members of a given group can be managed from this faculty. CHURCH ACTIVITY MANAGEMENT MODULE Activities in the church provide a edifice block to about all the other parts of the church and as such should be good structured and informations emerging from it efficaciously managed. The church activity faculty provides you with the tools to enable you to pull off the assorted diverse informations about church activities. it is built in such a manner as to be flexible to suit different needed of different churches. MEMBERSHIP MANAGEMENT MODULE This faculty helps to pull off the assorted information of member of the church. This characteristic is so flexible and you can work on it harmonizing to your specific demands and demand. Under this faculty. we have all the personal informations of each member. You can seek for: People Add new Member/First-Timer. When you add new member. all the informations about that peculiar member is captured View Members by Types: it helps to screen members by types e. g. are they full member? Worker? Minister? Etc. New converts: all new converts are captured here. Security Integrated parish Management Solution will be good incorporate. intending that alterations in a faculty would automatically update another related faculty. High degree hallmark will be needed to log into the Integrated Parish Management Solution. Passwords are encrypted. such that it is practically impossible to derive entree to someone’s watchword. Role Management is besides implemented doing your church users have different entree degrees. hence doing users see merely what they are supposed to see . BACK-UPS The importance of making a backup can neer be emphasized plenty. The parish’s IT section will be responsible for implementing modus operandis for regular backup of organization’s informations. In the event of a possible system clang. it will be clip -consuming and hard to retrace the database. For frequent plan usage I therefore recommend that backups are taken daily. Storing backups Backups can be taken to the hard-drive. a shared booklet in the web or to external media such as USB pen thrusts. Zip drives or similar. I recommend that you store at least one complete backup offprint from the computing machine in instance of catastrophe. Provision for external difficult thrust storage has been integrated in the financials. Justification A package solution for the named job would be really appropriate compared to the bing system. The undermentioned grounds justify the demand for the package solution: ?The tyre associated with doing records manually and keeping them would be alleviated. The Integrated Parish Management Solution would offer a batch of easiness in entering any inside informations of involvement. The package would offer an first-class interface to interact with the Parish database ( come ining new inside informations and updating bing inside informations to guarantee unity ) . As a consequence of the easiness of entering and updating informations. the job of tyre associated with informations care would be eradicated by the proposed Integrated Parish Management solution. ?Parish forces cost would travel down every bit a consequence of execution of the Proposed Integrated Parish Management Software. With the old system. a batch of forces is required to maintain and keep Parish records which culminates in higher Parish running costs. The Proposed system would name for decreased forces due to the ensuing easiness in maintaining and keep Parish records and accordingly. the running costs of the parish would significantly cut down. ?Accurate and dependable fiscal records would be kept utilizing the proposed system through the fiscal faculty which would supply security to fiscal inside informations and merely let entree merely by authorised persons. This would advance some degree of transparence and answerability in the handling of Parish fundss compared to the bing manual system which can be easy tampered with. For case. with the manual system paperss reflecting fiscal inside informations of the Parish can be distorted by H2O or plagues. Malicious persons can take advantage of such a state of affairs to perpetrate fraud. ?With the proposed system. departmental direction is easy. All Parish sections and the activities that revolve around the sections are good recorded and updated consequently. Groups in the Parish are every bit good better managed through the propose Integrated Parish Management solution. This is unlike the old system where a director or Parish caput has to physically interact with departmental caputs to acquire the needed information. The proposed solution offers a redress for the mentioned departmental and group-related issues. ?Reports. which are of premier importance in every bit far as running of any organisation is concerned. are automatically generated by the Proposed Integrated Parish direction Software. For case. fiscal minutess by the Parish harmonizing to the several day of the months. Parish activities harmonizing to the day of the month of happening etc. can be automatically generated with the proposed Solution. This eradicates the weariness associated with traveling for long times through paperss and files seeking to roll up a study that would otherwise be generated within a wink of an oculus with the proposed system. ?Keeping path of members of the Parish would reasonably easy with the proposed system. Records of old and new members would maintain and do easy to recover. New converts would besides be portion of the informations that would be maintained and made easy to entree and modify in instance of sezession of a member from the church. This manner. the Parish would pull off its members better than utilizing the manual registry system. Literature reappraisal Time agenda All the constituents and work bundles of this undertaking will take three hebdomads to carry through. Following the blessing of this proposal. the tabular array below summarizes the different stages and timelines of the assorted facets of the undertaking to be executed within clip and on budget: – Methodology

Free Essays on THe Everest Disaster

silenced the audience as he began, â€Å"On the night of May 10, 1996 a blizzard swept over Mount Everest, striking more than thirty mountain climbers with heavy snow, subzero temperatures, and unbelievably strong winds. In the next twenty-four hours, eight of the climbers, including three professional guides were dead. This night would become the most ill fated attempt ever to summit Mount Everest.† â€Å"Among these climbers was a 49-year old Dallas pathologist and an amateur climber, Dr. Beck Weathers, who was left to die in the icy storm 300 yards from his camp. Miraculously, Dr. Weathers survived and came back from his ordeal to speak of his experiences, and to tell us about some valuable lessons he has learned. Let’s welcome Dr. Beck Weathers.† I watched and listened as this man swayed his disfigured arms and explained that he had scaled the world’s largest heights and yet, still had not been at peace with himself. He had wanted more â€Å"courageo us† success, because he had conquered all but the grand Mount Everest. The drive for more accomplishment and the need to be more â€Å"courageous† had persuaded Beck to follow the 1996 expedition. Beck sobbed as he stated that on May 10, 1996, he had realized, as he was near death, that what he had thought to be courageous was truly a relentless pursuit of success and goals and ambitions. He had risked his life in a cowardly and selfish way for his own fortune. Dr. Weathers had found that his irrational triumph of desire over sensibility was the most pathetic feat he was to face. Risking your life, such as mountain climbers do, is not an act of courage because it is backed by low self-esteem and is in pursuit for irrational goals and selfish success. Courage is denoted by Encarta Encyclopedia ’96 dictionary as the quality of the mind that enables one to face danger with confidence and resolution. Danger is defined as exposure to harm and should be faced with self -... Free Essays on THe Everest Disaster Free Essays on THe Everest Disaster The speaker’s words silenced the audience as he began, â€Å"On the night of May 10, 1996 a blizzard swept over Mount Everest, striking more than thirty mountain climbers with heavy snow, subzero temperatures, and unbelievably strong winds. In the next twenty-four hours, eight of the climbers, including three professional guides were dead. This night would become the most ill fated attempt ever to summit Mount Everest.† â€Å"Among these climbers was a 49-year old Dallas pathologist and an amateur climber, Dr. Beck Weathers, who was left to die in the icy storm 300 yards from his camp. Miraculously, Dr. Weathers survived and came back from his ordeal to speak of his experiences, and to tell us about some valuable lessons he has learned. Let’s welcome Dr. Beck Weathers.† I watched and listened as this man swayed his disfigured arms and explained that he had scaled the world’s largest heights and yet, still had not been at peace with himself. He had w anted more â€Å"courageous† success, because he had conquered all but the grand Mount Everest. The drive for more accomplishment and the need to be more â€Å"courageous† had persuaded Beck to follow the 1996 expedition. Beck sobbed as he stated that on May 10, 1996, he had realized, as he was near death, that what he had thought to be courageous was truly a relentless pursuit of success and goals and ambitions. He had risked his life in a cowardly and selfish way for his own fortune. Dr. Weathers had found that his irrational triumph of desire over sensibility was the most pathetic feat he was to face. Risking your life, such as mountain climbers do, is not an act of courage because it is backed by low self-esteem and is in pursuit for irrational goals and selfish success. Courage is denoted by Encarta Encyclopedia ’96 dictionary as the quality of the mind that enables one to face danger with confidence and resolution. Danger is defined as exposure to harm and should be faced with self-...

Joe Hills Experiences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Joe Hills Experiences - Essay Example Joseph Hillstrom (for this was one of his aliases), opted to join Wobbly leader Bill Haywood, in his quest to rally every child, woman and man in America to join one big union, which would ensure economic profits to the rightful people, who according to Bill Haywood, were the workers. Joe Hill was not an American by citizenship. He was born in Sweden into a family of eight and immigrated to the United States alongside his brother Paul. He seems to have run into trouble with the law and thus had to constantly assume different identities. The State of Utah branded him a murderer, but still, many have continued to celebrate this controversial public figure, stating he was a martyr for the cause of justice. In this paper, discussions will be made into the life of Joe Hill, describing his experiences in different situations, and his commitment to the creation of a just society. Although he might have been a man of many faces, Hill’s life experiences fully explain each and every rea son for his actions. For instance, in the story, it is mentioned that he worked for endless hours a day, just for a few pennies. This evidently explains his decision to live a vagrant lifestyle shortly after parting ways with his brother. Most of his story is documented in the setting after he joined the International Workers of the World (IWW). Because of endless frustrations, he seems to have liked the ideas by Bill Haywood- of toppling the big shots in the society from their horses (Verdoia, n.d).  

Glaciation in Ohio and impacts of glaciation in Ohio Essay

Glaciation in Ohio and impacts of glaciation in Ohio - Essay Example The most important impact of glaciation is the materials that have been left behind by the sheets of ice. These materials includes particles of clay, sand, gravel and rock debris. Most of the materials that had been deposited both above and under the surface of water as a result of glaciation has resulted in formation of geographical features called eskers and kames (Peacefull, 1996). The numerous kames that are found in Portage and Summit counties are a result of deposition of glaciation materials in-between ice sheets that protruded southwards. Comparatively eskers are rare in Ohio although one may encounter eskers in Portage County. Another major impact of glaciation in Ohio is the formation of the glacial lakes. The deposits of these lakes were primarily constituted of fine clay and silt particles. Changes in the drainage pattern of Ohio is also a result of glaciation which disrupted the northwest flow of the River Teays and its tributaries which helped in the formation of Lake Tight in southern