Analyzing the play Real women have curves and applying critical Essay

Analyzing the play Real women have curves and applying critical thinking and terms - Essay Example But God has selected the woman, not the man, to give protection for the initial nine months to His creative force! This is the common thinking line of Josefina Lopez, in all her literary creations, whether it is a novel or the play. She is part of the problem and she participates in their solutions through literature. The colours may vary, her canvass is the same. Her thinking has something to do with her upbringing in a traditional Mexican household, the history and geography of it where menfolk are invariably served food first, not necessarily the prime items, but the leftovers. It is a herculean effort for the woman to nurture her body, spirit and soul. â€Å"Real Women Have Curves†, is her autobiographical play with a difference. She creates a play that depicts feminist consciousness clubbed with working-class consciousness. She defends womanhood with an approach of sarcasm. She does not pity her, condemn her, but wonders how a woman has to bear with so much pressure, to n urture her body image. The shape of her body is important to her; it is also important to menfolk. The story relates to a young woman who wants to go to college but the family pressurises her to work, obviously to earn. The important issues of oppression grounded on gender, class and ethnicity, coupled with the immigration problems of the Latino community are meaningfully classified in the play. On the whole, the play is a feminist narrative of upward mobility and it is a working class play. Women who wish to achieve success in life need to take Josefina as the model. Her life lets you know how to remain unbeatable in adversaries and triumph in the end. She is a Latina, an utterly traditional community, that puts many hurdles in the path of a progressive woman, and yet she succeeds in breaking out from that set up, and designs her own pattern of life. From the point of view of a reviewer and critic, the characters speaking Spanish may be a problem, but it keeps the authenticity of t he dialogues, for each community and each language has something that is un-translatable, and needs to make meaning in the original form. In brief, â€Å"Real Women Have Curves,† is the ‘biography’ of the Latino community. The author’s Chicana pride triumphs over all odds. In the play immigration has been shown as a persecution the Latino has to undergo and the author identifies the characters with one’s real-life experiences. Coming to the plot of the play proper, â€Å"Real Women Have Curves†, highlights the relationship between five Latina women. When women from common background join together, they unknowingly form a ‘union’ (not in the trade union sense of the term). In that association they share their sorrows and joy, mostly sorrows, as they belong to poor immigrant families. The story relates to the year 1987, when the problem of immigrants is the highly discussed in the American sociological and political circles. One of the five women, Ana is ambitious, she is a fresh high school graduate, and she has great dreams to achieve success in life, that too as a writer. A writer, with the writing skills and passion to transform the society, is able to achieve something tangible to the ethnic group to which she belongs. This seems to be the agenda of Ana. In the play under review she aims to achieve her objectives by describing the physical beauty of the multi-generational families, who have achieved prosperity as participants in the American Dream. She has no ambiguities or fear about

How to Succeed in College Essay Example for Free

How to Succeed in College Essay For most, the collegiate experience represents a major cornerstone in life. Attending college can provide identity, give direction and fortify the foundation of its students. Success in college means always demonstrating responsible decision making. Attendance policies and rules of participation may not appear to be significant, but they can move a student to the right or to the left in the grading scale. It is also crucial to adhere to rigid standards that command accountability. Some Professors are adamant about participation and class involvement. Academia mandates setting goals and becoming objective. You will discover that these habits, when applied, enhance the window of opportunity for success to enter. Confidence is an essential part of being a successful college student. Likewise, a student that lacks this sort of discipline, readiness and mental strength will most likely be lackadaisical and less likely to thrive in college. The first key to succeeding in college is attendance. Being present and on time ensures that pertinent knowledge is ascertained. Most of all, showing up on time for every class allows the individual to develop positive attendance habits that are just as important in the job market. These habits reflect a sense of dependability to professors and employers alike. A student simply cannot gain information from a lecture if they are not present. Nonetheless, being present is only half of the equation. The next step is class participation. Professors want to see that their students can apply what is being taught to them. This element may stimulate debate, or even trigger thorough research on something in particular. At the college level, participation and attentiveness really exercise the mind. Consequently, when students work in groups, are involved in research and share opinions they are able to hone their communication skills. Subsequently, it is critical for any college student to set goals and concise objectives for accomplishing them. Individuals with something to work toward are most likely to thrive in any c ollege or university. Goals provide the determination to fuel students through adversity; school related or not. Objectives should be well-defined. They are actually small steps indicative of levels of accomplishment and success. For college students, enormous goals are not far-fetched, nor do they seem impossible to reach when clear  objectives exist. Students who regularly set goals and objectives possess more ambition and drive than those who do not. Goal-oriented people have a more resilient work ethic due to the fact that they can see the progression of their hard work when they arrive at specific objectives. This hard work creates a sense of gratitude and individual accomplishment. Ultimately, college students must be prepared mentally and harbor a positive attitude. Self-confidence must be present if anyone is to endure the investment and sacrifice that pave the way to becoming a college graduate. A confident student is one that can evade social distractions and work through personal adversity to get to the finish line. Successful college students and college graduates are mentally poised. This frame of mind beckons the hard-working college student to accept challenges, explore new modes of learning and to appreciate their individuality. A confident mind is a mind for success. The rigors of college can, at times, seem overwhelming. With so much information to process, students are bound to enter their respective careers with a solid grasp on what they are doing. Success in college is contingent almost completely on attitude and fortitude. The college freshman will discover that the road ahead is bumpy, demanding and can be painstaking. The graduating senior will be indebted forever for the journey. The investment is precious; the success affiliated with reaching the destination is boundless.

Relational Dialectics: A Research Report Essay -- Relationships Sociol

Relational Dialectics: A Research Report This research of Relational Dialectics Theory refers to the book titled A Handbook of Personal Relationships, edited by Steve Duck. The title "A Dialectical Perspective on Communication Strategies in Relationship Development," written by Lesile Baxter, presents the basic strategies for an ideal relationship . The theories in which Baxter discusses describe the communication actions that a coulpe must use to establish, maintain, and dissolve their personal relationships. Contradiction is the central concept of relational dialectics. It refers to the dynamic interplay between unified oppostions. By managing three basic cotradictions; which are Autonomy-Connection, Novelty-Prediction, and Openness-Closedness, a couple can maintain a stable and healthy relationship with each other and together, accomplish success. Baxter bases her dialectical theory on the three bipolar pairs that cause contradictions. The primary or principle contradiction is Autonomy-Connection. A web of secondary contradictions, Novelty- Prediction and Openness-Closedn...

The Neem Tree: The Village Pharmacy Essay -- Botany

The Neem Tree: The Village Pharmacy The neem tree Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (=Melia azadirachta L. and Melia indica Brandis) is known as the Indian lilac or Margosa (Koul, 1990). Neem is a large evergreen tree with a wide trunk, which can grow 12-24 meters tall. The leaves are bright green with 9-15 leaves, oblique at the base or slightly curved, coarsely toothed, with a pointed tip Shodini, 1997). In India, neem flowers from January to April, and fruits mature from May to August (Koul, 1990). The one-seeded neem fruits are yellow when ripe, and are about one inch long (Shodini, 1997). neem is native to the and regions of the Indian subcontinent, was introduced into Africa, and is presently grown in many Asian countries, as well as tropical areas of the New World (Koul, 1990). Neem trees are fast growers, and in three years may grow to 20 feet in height from seed planting. It will grow where rainfall is only 18 inches per year and it thrives in areas of extreme heat up to 120 degrees. Neem trees can live up to 200 years (Conrick). The neem tree's history goes back a long way, with indications it was used in medical treatments about 4,500 years ago. There is evidence found from excavations at Harappa. and Mohenjo-Daro in Northwestern and western India, in which several therapeutic compounds including neem leaves, were gathered in the ruins (Conrick). India's ancient books of knowledge are called the Vedas. Some of the most ancient surviving documents that have been translated, are the Caraka-Samhita (about 500 BC), and the Susruta Samhita (about 300 AD). These books are the foundations of the Indian system of natural healing, or Ayurveda. These texts mention neem in almost 100 entries for treating many diseases whi... ...Association. http://www.ajtsc.coni/neemtree.htm Koul, Opender, et. al. 1990. Properties and uses of neem Azadirachta indica. Canadian Journal of Botany. v68. National Research Council of Canada. McCaleb, Rob. The Original neem Co. neem Ancient Herb From India. http://www.neemaura.com/. Randhawa, 1997. Cyber India Foundation. http://www.neemfoundation.org/ Sharma, Priya Vrat. 1996. Classical Uses of Medicinal Plants. Chaukbambha Visvabharati. Varanasi 1, India. Sharma, S.B. 1997. ( Book Review) The neem Tree Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and Other Meliaceous Plants: Sources of Unique Natural Products for Integrated Pest management, Medicine, Industry and Other Purposes. International Journal of Nematological Research. E.J. Brill Leiden, The Netherlands. Shodini. 1997. Touch Me, Touch-me-not: Women, Plants and Healing. Kali for Women. New Delhi, India.

Analysis of Salt in India

Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT601-1 Course : Integrated Marketing Communication L: 3 Hrs. , T : 1 Hr. , Per Week Total Credits: 7 Objectives: The objective of this course is to provide the students with knowhow about Marketing Communication, Integration concepts, Media planning and buying concepts. Learning this course would equip the students in building there career in advertising and media planning. Unit I: Introduction to Marketing Communication Concept; Functional areas of Marketing Communications; How does marketing communication work.Concept of brand-customer touch points. Unit II: Concept of Integrated Marketing Communication planning process-identifying target audience, analyzing SWOT, determining marketing communication objectives, developing strategies and tactics, setting the budget and evaluating effectiveness. Concept of internal marketing. Unit III: Creative Concept and Messages; the message strategy brief, the creative process, Unit IV: Message Execution; Message storytelling, tone and style, copy writing, message consistency, the consistency triangle. Unit V :Media planning, media classification, media strengths and weaknesses, Audience management and measurement, out of home media, product placement. Unit VI: Media targeting, media profiles, CDI-BDI Determination, calculating reach and frequency, GRP and TRP concept and calculation, IMC media mix, calculating media cost, media scheduling. Text Book: 1. Principles of Advertising and IMC: Duncan, Tom. – McGraw Hill. Reference Books: 1. Integrated Marketing Communications: Pickton, D. and Broderick, A. – Prentice Hall. 2. Using advertising and promotion to build brands: Blyth, J. –Pearson 3. Advertising management by Jethwaney: Pub by Oxford. . Building the Indian Brand: Kapoor, MacMillan Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT601-2 Course : Brand Management L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: The objective of this course is to teach students the broad topic of brand equity and brand management. Learning this course would help them to understand the key issues in planning and evaluating brand strategies. The course covers theories, models and other tools which are used to make better branding decisions. Unit I:Brands and Brand Management: What is a Brand? Why do Brands Matter? Can anything be branded? What are the strongest Brands? Branding challenges and opportunities, Brand equity concept, Strategic Brand Management Process The Customer Based Brand equity: Brand Knowledge; Building a Strong Brand, Brand-Building Implications. Unit II: Brand Positioning: Identifying and Establishing Brand Positioning, Positioning Guidelines, Defining and Establishing Brand Values, Internal Branding. Choosing Brand Elements to Build Brand Equity: Criteria for Choosing the Brand Elements, Options and Tactic s for Brand Elements.Unit III: Designing Marketing Programs to Build Brand Equity: New Perspective on Marketing, Product Strategy, Pricing Strategy, Channel Strategy. Leveraging Secondary Brand Knowledge to Build Brand Equity: Conceptualizing the Leveraging Process, Company, Country of Origin and other Geographic Areas, Channels of Distribution, Co- branding, Licensing, Celebrity endorsement, Sporting, Cultural, or Others Events, Third Party Sources. Unit IV: Developing a Brand Equity Measurement and Management System: The Brand Value Chain, Designing Brand Tracking Studies, Establishing a Brand Equity Management System.Measuring Sources of Brand Equity: Qualitative Research Techniques, Quantitative Research Techniques; Measuring Outcomes of Brands Equity: Capturing Market Performance, Comparative Methods, Holistic Methods. Unit V: Designing and Implementing Branding Strategies: The Brand-Product Matrix, Brand Hierarchy, Designing a Branding Strategy. Introducing and Naming New Prod ucts and Brand Extensions: New Products and Brand Extensions, Advantages of Extensions, Disadvantages of Brand Extensions, Understanding How Consumers Evaluate Brand Extensions, Evaluating Brand Extension Opportunities.Unit VI: Managing Brands over Time: Reinforcing Brands, Revitalizing Brands, Adjustments to the Brand Portfolio. Managing Brands over Geographic Boundaries and Market Segments: Rationale for Going International, Advantages of Global Marketing Programs, Disadvantages of Global Marketing Programs, Standardization versus Customization, Global Brand Strategy, Building Global Customer – Based Brand Equity Text Book: 1. Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring, and Managing Brand Equity, Kevin L. Keller, Pearson Education.Reference Books: 1. Brand Positioning: Strategies for competitive Advantage: Sengupta, Tata McGraw-Hill. 2. Strategic Brand Management by Richard Elliot:   Larry Percy, Oxford University Press, India. 3. Managing Brand Equity by Aaker D: Fr ee Press. 4. The New Strategic Brand Management: Jean-Noel Kapferer, Kogan Page. Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT601-3Course : Retail Management L: 3 Hrs. , T : 1 Hr. , Per WeekTotal Credits: 7 Objectives:The subject is designed to understand the Retailing of Products and Services, the role of Retail in Economy and the various issues related to Retail like Infrastructure, Merchandising, Store Operations, etc. Unit I: Introduction: Retail in India, Size of Retail in India, Key Sectors, FDI in Retail, Challenges to Retail Development, Evaluation of Retail formats, Theories of Retail Development, Concept of Life Cycle in Retail, Business Models in Retail, Services Retail, India Specific Retail Models, Concept of Internationalization, Determining Market Entry, Retail in Asia.Unit II: Strategy & Planning: The need for Studying consumer behavior, Factors influencing the retail shopper, Customer Decision Making process, ma rket Research, Retail Strategy, Concept of Business Model, Growth Strategy, Retail Value Chain, Ethics in Retailing, Types of Retail Locations, Stepin in choosing location, Methods of evaluating trade area, Retail Franchising, Types of franchising, Advantages 7 Disadvantages of Franchising, Franchising in India, Legal Issues. Unit III:Merchandise Management: Factors affecting Buying decisions, The merchandiser’s role and responsibility, Buyer role and responsibility, Function of buying for different types of organizations, Buying for a single / independent store, Concept of lifestyle merchandising, Implications of Merchandise planning, Process of Merchandise planning, Technology tools for merchandise planning, Methods of Procurement, Sourcing, Age of Global Sourcing, Retailing pricing & evaluating Merchandise performance.Unit IV: Managing Retail: Private Labels, Need and Evolution of Private Labels, Process of Creation, Category Management, Reasons for Emergence of Category M anagement, Components of Category Management, Category Management Business Process, Drawbacks of Category Management, Store Operations & Profitability, Key components in Retail Operations, Retail Economics, The 5Ss of Retail Operations.Unit V: Creating and Sustaining Value: Store Design & Visual Merchandising, Concept & Principles of Store Design, Elements of Store Design, Visual Merchandising, Servicing the Retail Customer Measuring gaps in service Gathering Customer Information & Enhancing Loyalty CRM, Personal Selling, Retail Selling process. Unit VI:Marketing & Technology: Retail marketing & Branding, Retail Marketing Mix, The STP approach, Retail Image, Retail Communication Mix, Concept of Branding, Retail Management Information Systems, Unique Needs of Technology in Retail, Need for Product identification, Importance of IT in retailing, Factors affecting use of technology, Applications of Technology, Internet Retailing, Supply Chain Management, Concept, Need & Evolution, SCM F ramework, Integration of SC, Innovations in Supply Chain, Collaborative Planning Forecasting & Replenishment (CPFR).Text Book: 1. Retail Management, 3rd Edition: Swapna Pradhan, McGraw Hills Publications, Reference Books: 1. Managing Retailing: Sinha Uniyal, Oxford Publications 2. Retail Management: A Global Perspective, – Singh, Dr. Harjit, S. Chand Publications Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT601-4Course : Sales and Distribution Management L: 3 Hrs. , T : 1 Hr. , Per WeekTotal Credits: 7 Objectives:The objective of the course is to familiarize the student with the sales operations and sales management functions and distribution management. Endeavor is to provide both theoretical inputs and applications of practical aspects. Unit I: Introduction to sales management, building selling skills and selling strategies, understanding the sales process. Unit II: Purpose, Setting up a sales organization, Basic types of sales organization. Managing sales territory, Managing sales quota Unit III:Recruiting and selecting sales personnel, determining the kind of salespeople, determining size of the sales force; Training salespeople: Developing and conducting sales training programmes, Defining training objectives, deciding training content, selecting training method. Unit III: Designing and administrating compensation plans, Types of compensation plans and requirements of a good compensation plan; Motivating salespeople: Meaning, Need gratification and motivation, Interdependence and motivation, Motivation and leadership. Unit IV:Supervising and evaluating salespeople-Setting standards of performance, Quantitative and qualitative performance criteria, Controlling salespeople through supervision. Unit V: Introduction to channel management. Distribution channel strategies. Designing Customer Oriented Marketing Channels. Unit VI: Managing Channel member behavior: Channel relationships, control, positi oning and conflict. Managing International Channels of Distribution. Text Book: 1. Sales & Distribution Management: by Tapan Panda –publisher, Oxford Publication. Reference Books: 1.Sales Management: Chunawalls, S A, Himalaya Publishing House 2. Sales Management: Pradip Kumar Mallik, Oxford Publication 3. Physical Distribution Management: Kulkarni, M V, Everest Publishing House 4. Marketing Management: V S Ramaswami& S Namkumari, Macmillan India Ltd 5. Sales & Distribution Management: by Krishna K Harvadkar -publisher: McGraw Hill. Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT601-5Course : Services Marketing L: 3 Hrs. , T : 1 Hr. , Per WeekTotal Credits: 7 Objectives:The objective of the course is to help students gain knowledge and skills in dealing with marketing of services. To accomplish this, the student will be exposed to a series of cases, which demand commitment from him/her. The course includes the services marke ting concepts, characteristics, challenges and strategies, consumer behavior to services, employees’ and customers’ roles in service delivery, managing demand and supply, and the design and development of effective service system. Unit I: Introduction to Services: What are services? Why services marketing?Characteristics of services, challenges in services marketing. Services marketing mix. Unit II: Consumer Behavior in Services: Search, Experience, and Credence properties Customer choice, Consumer experience, Postexperience evaluation, Customer Expectations in Services – Meaning and types of service expectations, Factors that influence customer expectations of services, Issues involving customer service expectations. Unit III: Customer Perceptions in Services: Customer perceptions, Customer satisfaction, Service quality, the gaps model of service quality.Service encounter, Service Recovery – The impact of service failure and recovery, how customer respon d to service failure, Customers’ recovery expectations, services recovery strategies. Unit IV: Service Development and Design: New service development, Service blueprinting, Customer Defined Service Standards – Factors necessary for appropriate service standards, Types of customer-defined standards. Physical Evidence and the Servicescape – Physical evidence, Types of Servicescape, Strategic roles of the Servicescape.Unit V: Employees’ Role in Service Delivery: Service culture, the critical importance of service employees. Customers Role in Service Delivery: The importance of Customers in service delivery, Customers’ role, Strategies for enhancing customer participation Unit VI: Managing Demand and Capacity: The underlying issue: Lack of Inventory capability, Demand pattern, Strategies for matching capacity and demand, waiting line strategies, Pricings of services – Approaches to pricing services, Pricing strategies. Text Book . Services Mark eting: Govind Apte, Oxford University Press Reference Books: 1. Services Marketing: Valarie A Zeithaml, Dwayne D Gremler et al, Tata McGraw-Hill 2. Services Marketing: Harsh Verma, Pearson 3. Services Marketing: Vinnie Jauhari, Oxford University Press 4. Services Marketing: Rajendra Nargundkar, Tata McGraw-Hill 5. Services Marketing: K. Rama Mohana Rao, Pearson Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT601-6Course : Rural MarketingL: 3 Hrs. , T : 1 Hr. , Per WeekTotal Credits: 7 Objectives: A complete understanding of rural market environment and rural economy, rural marketing strategy, future prospects and understanding Government policy measures for developing Agricultural marketing Unit I: The Rural Economy: The economic scenario in rural India – the transition of rural economy – the Rural economic structure – the rural infrastructure – Rural marketing environment – the Role of Government in the development of Agricultural marketing Unit II:Rural Consumer Buying Behavior: Characteristics of rural consumer – Factors affecting consumer behavior –Consumer buying process – Opinion leadership process – Brand management in rural market Unit III: Rural Market Research: Need and importance: Primary Data collection and interpretation – Field procedures and rural realities P. R. A. Technique. Unit IV: Targeting, Segmentation and Positioning in Rural Market: Basis of segmentation – Selecting and targeting segment – Positioning decision – Rural marketing initiative by Corporate Sector Unit V:Rural Marketing Strategy: Product Strategy – Pricing strategy – Distribution strategy – Communication strategy, Marketing of Agri- inputs-Seeds, Fertilizers, Pesticides and Tractors. Unit VI: Innovation in Rural Marketing and Financial services: Innovation in Rural Marketing: E-Rural marketing – Organized re tailing – Cooperative marketing Financial services: An overview of financial services – Sources of Credit – Innovative credit delivery system like Kisan credit card – Micro finance – Chit funds – Cooperative credit – Crop insurance Text book 1.The Rural Marketing: by Pradip kashyap & Siddhatha Raut (Publisher: Biztantra) Reference Books: 1. Rural Marketing: By Balram Dogra & Karminder Chuman (Publisher: Tata McGraw Hill Edu Pvt Ltd) 2. Introduction to Rural Marketing: By R. Krishnamoorthy (Publisher: Himalaya Publishing House) 3. Rural Marketing Text and Cases: By U C Mathur (Publisher: Excel Books) 4. Rural Marketing: by R V Bedi & M V Bedi (Publisher: Himalaya Publishing House) Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT601-7 Course : Consumer Behaviour & Marketing Research L:3 Hrs. T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: This course is designed as an over view of the Consumer Behaviour and its image in Marketing Management. The course will cover the evolution of Consumer Research, Individual determination of Consumer behaviour, Influence and Decision Making of the market king. The objective of this course is to give exposure in practice of the Consumerism in modern marketing and that will allow you to develop your own frame work for understanding the behavior of consumer.Unit I: Consumer Behaviour- An Overview: Introduction, Meaning, Definition, Scope, Relevance of Consumer Behaviour, Development of Consumer Behaviour study, Growth of Consumer Research, Consumer Behaviour and Marketing Management; Consumer Decision Making, Trends in Consumer Behaviour. Unit II: Consumer Modelling: Models of Consumer Behaviour, Haward Sheth Model of Buying Behaviour, The NICOSIA Model, The ENGEL-KOLLAT-BLACKWELL Model, WEBSTAR AND WIND MODEL of Organizational Buying Behaviour. Unit III:Individual Determination of Consumer Behaviour: Consumer Perceptio n, Internal & External Factors, The Perceptual Process, Consumer Imagery and Marketing Implication; Learning- Definition, Elements and Process of Learning, Types of Learning Processes, Classical Conditioning, Consumer Memory, Observational Learning or Modeling, Low Involvement Theory. Unit IV: Consumer Decision Making: Consumer Decision Making- Meaning, Views, Types of Decision Making in buying, Process of Decision Making, Consumer Information Processing, Models of Consumer Decision Making; Types ofHousehold, Household Life Cycle, A Model of Household Decision Making. Unit V: Consumer Research: Consumer Research Paradigms, Consumer Research Process- Developing Research Objectives, Collecting Secondary Data, Designing Primary Research, Data Analysis and Reporting Research Finding, Conducting the Research study. Unit VI: Advertising & Media Research: Importance of Advertising, Need for Advertising Research, Media Research, Copy testing Advertising Research Studies in India, Evaluation of Advertising Research, Ethics in Consumer Research.Text Book 1. Consumer Behaviour In Indian Perspective, Text and Cases: Suja R. Nair, Himalaya Publishing House Reference Books: 1. Consumer Behaviour In Indian Context: P. C. Jain & Monika Bhatt, Sultan Chand, New Delhi 2. Consumer Behaviour: Leon & Kannuk, Prentice- Hall of India LTd, New Delhi. 3. Marketing Research: Beri, McGraw-Hill Education Private Ltd, New Delhi. 4. Consumer Behaviour: Ramanuj Majumdar, PHI Learning Private Ltd, New Delhi 5. Consumer Behaviour: Hoyer Maclnnis Dasgupta, Biztantra- New Delhi.Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT601-8 Course : Customer Relationship Management L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: The purpose of this course is to make the students understand the organizational need, benefits and process of creating Long-term value for individual customers. It aims to develop an understanding of wha t CRM means to businesses, plus why and the how of putting a CRM Program into action. Unit I :Customer Relationship Management- Basic Concepts: Key Customers, Considerations to Decide the Key Customers, Strategies for Key Customers, Segmentation, Campaign Management, Single Customer View, Cross-Selling and Up-Selling, Multi-channels, Operational and Analytical CRM, Case-Study. Unit II: Planning for CRM: Building Customer Centricity, Setting CRM Objectives, Defining Data Requirements, Planning Desired Outputs, Relevant Issues while planning outputs, Elements in CRM Plan, Relevant Issues in the CRM Plan, Case Study.Unit III: CRM Strategy: Strategic Orientation for CRM, Extending the Concepts of Relationships, Technology Orientation, Strategic Framework for CRM, Planning for Success, Change Management, Case Study. Unit IV: CRM Implementation: Preparing for CRM Implementation, Dimensions and Technology Issues in CRM Implementation, Steps in CRM Implementation, Expected Benefits, Choosin g Right CRM Implementation Approach, CRM Implementation-Best Practices, Case Study. Unit V:Role of IT and eCRM: CRM Strategy and Technology, Steps in Preparing the IT Systems for CRM, Using IT Systems for Better CRM, Issues for Consideration in CRM Tool Selection, Tools for CRM, Basic Concepts for eCRM, Benefits of eCRM, Steps in eCRM, Success Factors in eCRM, Establishing Customer Relationships on the Internet, Case Studies. Unit VI: CRM in Practices: CRM in Manufacturing, CRM in Insurance, CRM in Airlines, CRM in Hotels and CRM in Telecom. Text Book: 1. Customer Relationships Management: Kaushik Mukherjee, Prentice Hall of India. Reference Books: 1.The CRM Handbook: Jill Dyche, Vikas Publishing House. 2. Customer Relationships Management: William, G. Zikmund, Raymund McLeod Jr. and Faye W. Gilbert, Wiley. 3. CRM-Essential Customer Strategies for the 21st Century: Paul Greenberge, Pearson Education. 4. Customer Relationship Management: Mohammed, H. Peeru and a Sagadevan, Vikas Publ ishing House. Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT602-1 Course : Corporate Taxation L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives:This course aims to provide a strong conceptual foundation in corporate taxation & exhaustic analysis on calculations of Income from Business & Profession, VAT, Service Tax, Central Excise Laws, Custom Laws & Filing of Returns. Unit I: Definition of Income & Assessee: Previous year, Assessment year, Gross total income, Total taxable income, Residential status, Agricultural income. Unit II: Income from Business & Profession and Income from capital gains in relation to corporates Unit III: Income exempt from tax & Assessment: Deductions. Set off & Carry forward of losses, TDS, Self-assessment tax, Filing of return.Unit IV: Central Excise Laws &Customs Laws: Basis of chargeability of duties of central excise- goods, Manufacture, Classification and valuation of excisable goods- specific issues and case studies; Nature of customs duty, Types of customs duty, Classification for Customs and rate of duty, Valuation for customs duty, Provisions regarding baggage. Unit V: VAT: concept, Applicability, Procedures involved and implications of the VAT, Introduction to CST. Unit VI: Service Tax: Provisions of law and procedures; Various Services covered under Service Tax. Reference Books: 1.Direct Taxes: Ahuja, G. K. & Gupta, Ravi, Bharat Law House. 2. Indirect Taxes : Datey V. S. , Taxmann Publications, New Delhi 3. Direct Taxes Law & Practice: Bhagwati Prasad, WishwaPrakashan. 4. Income Tax, Bombay: Kanga, J. B. and Palkhivala, N. A. , N. M. Tripathi. 5. Direct Taxes Law and Practice: Singhania V. K. , SinghaniaKapil, Singhania Monica, Taxmann Publications, New Delhi. Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT602-2 Course : Security Analysis & Portfolio Management L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. P:0 Hrs. , Per we ek Total Credits : 7 Objectives: This course aims to provide knowledge about security analysis & Portfolio Management. It covers various points such as, investments & its various avenues, analysis of capital market, various risk-return model, efficient market theory, & process of portfolio construction. It aims to provide the students of finance stream, the thumb rules of analyzing security market to reduce risk & enhance returns. To accomplish this, the student will be exposed to a series of cases, which demand commitment rom him/her. Unit I: Capital Markets: Overview of money markets, History of Indian capital markets, Capital market scams, Reforms in capital markets, Primary Markets – free pricing, book building, Private placements, Secondary Markets – Organization, membership, and management of stock exchanges, Listing, trading, clearing and settlement mechanism, Listing categories, BSE, NSE, measures to boost liquidity in the secondary market, reforms in secondary markets and its impact, Internet trading.Unit II: Investment scenario & Risk & Return analysis: Investor life cycle and investment goals, Investment options available and their comparison, investment constraints, Definition and Measures of return and risk – historical rates calculation, Expected rates, required rate of return, risk free rate of return, & measurement of risk in portfolio context Unit III:Efficient capital markets Hypothesis & capital Market Theory: Need, EMH – forms, tests and results, Implications of efficient capital markets; Random walk Hypothesis, Indian Markets and Efficiency, Capital Market theory – Background, risk free asset, Markowitz portfolio theory, the market portfolio; capital asset pricing Model, systematic and unsystematic risk, CML, SML; Arbitrage pricing theory – empirical test of APT, Stability of beta. Unit IV:Fundamental and Technical Analysis: Concept, & process of fundamental analysis , Economy analysis, sector anal ysis, company analysis;, Tools and techniques of fundamental analysis, business cycle and industry life cycle analysis. Analysis of growth companies, Concept of technical analysis, Assumptions, advantages and challenges; fundamental Vs. technical analysis, Tools and techniques for analysis; Dow theory, basic types of charts, Price patterns, Trendlines, moving averages and advanced technical tools. Unit V:Equity & Debt portfolio Management strategies, Optimum Portfolio Selection & Revision and Performance measurement: approaches to equity investment, passive & active styles, Equity style management, cross-border strategies, role of fixed income securities in a portfolio, & fixed income portfolio management strategies, Optimum Portfolio Selection & Revision –portfolio diversification, Optimal portfolio selection, portfolio revision& its techniques, transaction cost, portfolio monitoring & rebalancing, issues in portfolio rebalancing * selection & revision of equity portfolios, Performance measurement – Concept, Measures available–Treyner, Sharpe, Jensen, performance attribution analysis and Measuring market timing skills. Unit VI: Mutual funds and AMCs: concept, origin and growth of mutual funds, constitution & management of MFs – Sponsors, Trustees, AMCs, and custodians; Classification of mutual fund schemes, advantages and disadvantages in mutual fund schemes, NAV and pricing of mutual fund units; State of mutual funds in India. Text book 1. Investment Management-Security Analysis & Portfolio Management: by V. K. Bhalla, S. Chand.Reference Books: 1. Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management: by Prasanna Chandra, Tata McGraw Hill Publishers  1/E, 2002 2. Investment Science: David G. Luenberger, Oxford Univeristy Press. 3. Financial Management: R. P. Rustagi, Galgotia Publication House. 4. Investment: William Sharpe (PHI) 5. Security Analysis and Portfolio Management: V. A. Avadhani, Himalaya Publishing House Syllabus of Second Y ear (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT602-3 Course : International Financial Management L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives:This course aims to provide a strong conceptual foundation & exhaustic analysis on recent developments in the world monetary & financial system, & changing role of international financial managers in the volatile global forex markets. To accomplish this, the student will be exposed to a series of cases, which demand commitment form him/her. Unit I: Financial Management in global context: Role of Finance Manager in Global context, objectives of the firms and impact of risk, Constraints to maximization of value of firm, Exchange Rate Regimes, Emergence and Functions of IMF; Exchange Market; Exchange Dealers; RBI and Exchange Market; Exchange Rate System in India; Floating Vs. Fixed Exchange Rates. Unit II:Foreign Exchange Market Components And Activities: Defining Forex markets & the exc hange rates; Exchange Rate Mechanism, Quoting Foreign Exchange Rates- Spot Rate, Forward Rate, Cross rates and Problems from Exchange rate calculations, Forward contract, Hedging, Speculation, Arbitrage, Interest rate Arbitrage, Swaps-characteristics & uses, Indian Forward market. Unit III: Foreign Exchange Risk Exposure its & management: Meaning of exposure, Types, Causes of changes, Translation & Transaction Exposure, Economic & operational exposure- meaning & its impact on exporter & importer , Currency & interest rate risk, Country Risk management. Unit IV: Management of Long & Short term International financing: Concept of Foreign Investment – Direct & Portfolio, Commercial Borrowings, GDRs, ADRs, Euro Issues, ECBs, Syndicated Credit, Short term sources of finance for MNCs, International forfeiting, international leasing, Euro Currency market, Asian Currency Market; Petro – Dollar Market. Unit V:International Capital Budgeting & Capital structure of MNCs: Concept, Basic inputs for project evaluation, Problems associated with multinational capital budgeting, Evaluation of a project using various methods, International Cash management, Cost of Capital & International Financial Environment, theory of optimal capital structure, & the dilemma of finance manager. Unit VI: Multinational Tax Environment: Important types of taxes that MNCs face, tax treaties & tax heavens; Indian Tax environment: Incentives for earnings in Foreign exchange, double taxation relief, transfer pricing. Text Book: 1. International Financial Management: A. K. Seth, Galgotia Publishing Company. Reference Books: 1. International Financial Management: P. G. Apte, Tata Mcgraw–Hill 2. International Finance: Thomas J. O’Brien, Second edition, Oxford University Press. 3. International Financial Management: Sharan , Prentice–Hall 4.Multinational Financial Management: Shapiro ,Prentice–Hall Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Busine ss Administration) Course Code : MBT602-4 Course : Financial Risk Management L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: This course aims to provide a strong conceptual foundation about risk management, future & Option markets, Swaps, Insurance etc. It gives an exhaustic analysis on recent developments in the future & option market & how to calculate VAR. To accomplish this, the student will be exposed to a series of cases, which demand commitment form him/her. Unit I:Introduction to Risk Management: The meaning of risk, How risk is managed, Limitations of Risk Management, Corporate Risk Management, Approaches to Risk Management, The Process of Risk Management, Techniques of Risk Management. Unit II: Mechanics of the Futures Market: Meaning and Definition, Types of futures, Mechanism of the Futures Market, Motives behind using Futures, Stock and Index Futures, Currency Futures, Interest rate Futures, Commodity Futures. Unit III: Options: Concept of Option s, American and European Options, Option pricing models, Exotic Options Unit IV: Financial Swaps: The Concept of Swaps, Interest rate swaps, Currency swaps, Pricing of Swaps. Unit V: Value at Risk: The Concept of VaR, How VaR is calculated, Uses and limitations of VaR. Unit VI:Introduction to Insurance – Life and Non-Life: Meaning and Nature of Insurance, Classification of Insurance, Elements of an Insurance Contract, various types of Life and Non-Life Insurance. Text Book: Options, Futures & Other derivatives: by John C. Hull, Pearson. Reference Books: 1. Financial Management: Theory Concepts & Problems by Dr. R. P. Rustagi,Taxmann. 2. Financial Management: by Rajiv Shrivastava and Anil Mishra, Oxford Publications. 3. Insurance & Risk Management: Dr. P. K. Gupta, Himalaya Publishing House Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT602-5 Course : Project Planning & Financing And Mergers & Acquisitions L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs . , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives:This course is divided into two parts the first part aims to study all about project management, Idea generation, Evaluation of the project, Loan documentation etc. The second part analyze & gives an in-depth explanation of the concepts, processes, issues & pitfalls involved in M & As & corporate restructuring using a lucid style. To accomplish this, the student will be exposed to a series of cases, which demand commitment form him/her. Unit I: Introduction to Project Management: (a)Planning: Generation & Screening of project ideas, Market & Demand Analysis, Technical Analysis , Financial estimates & projections (b) Sources of Financing – Term Loan, Venture Capital, Private Equity, Debentures, Shares, etc.. Unit II:Evaluating the Project: Nature and significance, techniques of evaluation –Pay Back Method, Accounting rate of return, Net Present Value and profitability index. Risks attached to the project (A review of project risks identification, allocation, and management). Unit III: Project Report and Lender’s Analysis: Components, Details of the company, its promoters, project, finances required, profitability, etc.. ; Loan Documentation – Appraisal of term loans by Financial Institutions. Basic components of project finance; Financing of small scale industry – Meaning, importance, growth of SSIs, Special financing needs and sources, issues & implications. Unit IV:Mergers & Acquisitions:Forms of Corporate Restructuring, Different forms of M&A, M&A Process, Participants in the M&A Process, Post closing Integration, Due Diligence, Reasons for failure of M&A. Unit V: Methods of Valuation of Firms: Various approaches to Valuation, Role of Valuation, DCF Model, Equity Valuation Model, Firm Valuation Model. Unit VI: Takeover Defenses: Friendly vs. Hostile Takeovers, Takeover defenses, Preventive Anti-takeover measures, Corporate Charter amendments, Golden Parachute, Active Anti -takeover defenses, Regulation of Takeovers in India. Text Books: 1. Project Planning Analysis, Selection, Implementation and Review: Prasanna Chandra, TMH 2. Financial Management – Theory Concepts & Problems: Dr. R. P. Rustagi,Taxmann.Reference Books: 1. Project Management and Control: Narendra Singh, Himalaya Publishing House 2. Financial Management: Rajiv Shrivastava and Anil Mishra, Oxford Publications. Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT602-6 Course : Indian Banking and Financial System L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: This course analysis & discusses the new challenges & new initiatives of banks & their unique role in the economy. To accomplish this, the student will be exposed to a series of cases, which demand commitment form him/her.The course includes the fundamentals of Banking, Commercial Banks & their role, NBFC’s, & Management of Asset Liability Managem ent. Unit I: Indian Financial System: Financial Intermediation, Introduction to Indian Banking System, Regulatory Framework, Sources of Funds, Application of Funds. Unit II: Commercial Banks I: Introduction to Bank’s Financial Statements, Analysis of Balance Sheet items, Deposits, Lending Function, Loan Policy, Loan Pricing, Credit Risk and Loan Losses. Unit III: Commercial Banks II: Investment Portfolio of Banks, Non Fund based Services, Plastic Money, SLR requirements, Capital Adequacy requirements, BASEL II Unit 4:Development Financial Institutions: Role of DFIs in the Financial System, Operations of major FIs in India – IFCI, ICICI, IDBI, SIDBI, Regulatory Framework for FIs Unit 5: NBFCs: Definition, Types and Services, Regulatory framework, Capital Adequacy Requirements. Unit 6: Asset Liability Management: ALM, Interest Rate Risk management Liquidity risk Management. Reference Books: 1. Principles of Bank Management: Vasant Desai, Himalaya Publishing house, Delhi 2. Basics of Banking & Finance: Dr. K. M. Bhattacharya, Himalaya Publishing House 3. Banking Theory, Law & Practice: Gorden&Natrajan, Himalaya Publishing House 4. Banking Theory & Practice: Dr. P. K.Shrivastava, Himalaya Publishing house, Delhi Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT602-7 Course : Financial Services & Merchant Banking L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: This course covers the various financial services and their role in the economic development along with the concept of Merchant Banking in detail Unit I: Financial Services: Concept, objectives, characteristics, issues, kinds of financial services Unit II: Marketing of Financial Services: Conceptual Framework, Distribution Pricing, Promotion, Attracting & retaining customers. Unit III:Financial Services Market: Concept, Constituents, Growth of financial services in India, problems of finance services sector, Regulatory fr amework. Unit IV: Merchant Banking: Introduction, nature, Role of Merchant Bankers in Economy, Functions of merchant bankers, Code of conduct for merchant bankers. Unit V: Merchant Banking in India: Legal & Regulatory Framework and relevant Provisions, SEBI guidelines for Merchant Bankers, present state of Merchant banking in India. Unit VI: Issue Management: Concept, pre and post issue activities, role of merchant banker in Issue management and Mergers and Acquisitions Text Book: 1. Financial Services: M. Y. Khan, Tata McGraw Hill 2010Reference Books: 1. Financial Services: Gurusamy, Tata McGraw Hill 2010 2. Financial Services: Tripathy, Prentice Hall of India 2009 3. Financial Markets and Institutions: Madura, Thomson, 2009 Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT602-8 Course : Management Control System L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: This course aims at students should gain knowled ge, insights and analytical skills related to how a firm’s managers go about designing , implementing and using the planning and control, system to implement the firms strategy. Unit I:Definition and Concept of Management Control, Subsystems of Management control-Strategic Control, operational control and task control, Functions of management accountant and controller, Impact of changing business environment on management accounting and control systems, Requisites for designing and implementing management control systems. Goal congruence – cybernetic paradigm of Grissinger – functions of the controller. Unit II: Responsibility Centers – Types of Responsibility centers – Expense Center, Profit Centers and Investment Centers – Budgetary Control as a tool for Management Control System – Engineered , Discretionary and Committed Costs. Approaches to Budgeting w. r. t. Engineered and Discritionary costs, Benchmarking and total cost manageme nt. Unit III:Transfer Pricing (Market Based and Cost Based): Related numerical problems – return on Investment, Economic Value Added, Capital Budgeting and Ratio Analysis as a tool to Management Performance Measurement. Unit IV: Management control system in service sector vis-a-vis in manufacturing sector. Financial and Non- Financial Performance measures w. r. t. balance score card (Rock Water’s Model) Unit V: MIS- Management Information System & ERP Unit VI: Introduction to Audit Functions as a control tool covering financial audit, internal audit and Cost Audit- management audit – principles and Objectives. Text Book: 1. Management Control System: 10th Edition – Anthony and Govindrajan, Tata McGraw HillReference Books: 1. Practical Auditing: B. N. Tondon 2. Management Control System: Kirby. Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT603-1 Course : Performance Management & Compensation L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: This course seeks to expose students to fundamental theories and best practices in performance management. It will also try to illustrate the dynamic nature of performance management through the presentation of new ideas and controversial issues. It will enable students to link performance to rewards & compensation. Unit I:Performance Management: Overview, concept, purpose, significance, characteristics, process of Performance Management & Compensation (PMS). Emerging Trends in PMS Unit II: Planning employee performance and development: Basic concepts, Components of Performance & Development Plan (PDP), Benefits of PDP Unit III: Monitoring Performance & Mentoring: Introduction, performance review, conducting review meeting, frequency of review, self-assessment. Concept of Mentoring, benefits, process of mentoring, coaching for performance improvement. Unit IV: Stock taking Performance: Introduction, Purpose of Stocktaking, Different approaches of appraisal, Stock taking potential, Tools for Stocktaking potential Unit V:Appraising for Recognition & reward: Methods of Appraisal, Errors during Appraisal, Appraisal for rewards, Appraisal for successful recognition Unit VI: Reward and Compensation management: Concept and types of compensation, Competitive imperatives, Equity in compensation, Designing compensation, fringe benefits, retirement benefits Text Book: 1. Performance Management: Prem Chadha, Publication –Macmillan Reference Books : 1. Human Resource Management: Snell & Bohlander, Publication – Thomson 2. Compensation: Milkovich & Neman, Publication – McGraw –Hill 3. Human Resource Management: Gary Dessler Publication – Thomson 4. Managing Human Resources: Monappa, Publication – MacmillanSyllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT603-2 Course : Management Of Change And Organizational Effectiveness L :3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: The student will be exposed to various types of organizational change. The course will also enable them to identify the strategies for managing change in different scenarios. The course will also help the students to evaluate the different change strategies implemented in the organization. Unit I: Introduction to Managing Change: Concept of change, types of change, steps to manage change, Role of HR strategies in implementing change, Implementation & impact of change. Unit II:Organizational Structure & Management of Change: Concept, Organizational change, Organizational structure, Structure & strategic change, Systematic approach to implement change, Resistance to change, Force field theory of change, Dominos effect, power politics and ethics, OD Interventions. Unit III: Organizational Culture & the Management of Change: Organizational culture, Martin’s perspective on the study of culture, Hofstede’ s & Schein’s perspective of organizational culture, Strategies for cultural change, Parameters of cultural change, Realigning culture in the organization. Unit IV: HRD & Management of Change: Concept of HRD, Strategic change & HRD, Strategic integration & orders of strategic integration, Development of managers, Process of Staff development, Recruitment & selection & management of change, Performance management & management of change. Unit V:Role of Change Management in Downsizing and Mergers & Acquisitions: Concept of Downsizing, Need & problems related to downsizing and mergers & acquisitions, Handling psychological states of employees in downsizing and mergers & acquisitions, Implications related to them, Strategies to be used in downsizing and mergers & acquisitions to have effective change, Principal determinants, Theories of Intervention to manage downsizing. Unit VI: Evaluating & Promoting Change: Approaches to evaluate & promote change, Evaluation research, The action research spiral, Clarity of purpose & strategies, Gathering data for analysis, Analysis & feedback. Textbook: 1. Managing Change: Adrian Thronhill, Phil Lewis, Mike Millmore, Mark Saunders; Pearson Education Limited Reference Books: 1.Change Management: CSV Murthy; Himalaya Publishing House 2. Essentials of Human Resource Management and Industrial Relation: Dr. P. Subba Rao; Himalaya Publishing House 3. Organisational Behaviour: K Aswathappa Himalaya Publishing House Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT603-3 Course : Group Behaviour And Transactional Analysis L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: To help students understand how people act, think, and feel in organizational settings and how to form better relationships by achieving human objectives, organizational objectives, and social objectives.The study of Organizational Behavior and Transaction Analysis will facilitate the process of explaining, understanding, predicting, maintaining, and changing employee behavior in an organizational environment. Unit I: Personality and Perception – Determinants of personality, Types of personality, Theories of personality, Perception & O. B. , Managing the perception process, Components of attitudes, formation of attitudes, changing attitude. Unit II: Group Behavior – Groups, reason for people to work in groups, Group Development – Stages, Strategies, Group Behavior Model, Roles in Groups, Roles – Identity, Perception, Expectation, Differentiation. Unit III:Group Behavior Functioning – Theories of Group Behavior Functioning, Influence of group behavior on work assignment, Group Potential, Group Cohesiveness, Groupthink, Group Productivity & Group Performance. Unit IV: Group and Team Dynamics – Nature of teams, types of teams, benefits from teams, types of groups, group development, determinants of group behavior Teams vs. Groups. U nit V: Power & Conflict – Power dynamics, sources of power, power tactics, nature of conflict, types of conflict, Conflict process, levels of conflict, conflict resolution, cases on power & conflict. Unit VI: Transactional Analysis – Ego states and their identification, Types of Transactions, Cases on T A.Introduction & background, Positions of change, Child, parent & adult, Families & children Test Book 1. Organisational Behaviour: K. Aswatthappa, Himalaya Publishing House. Reference Books: 1. The Dynamics of Group Behaviour: Concepts, Principles and Practices, M. Gangadhara Rao and Surya P. Rao (2007), Kanishka Prakshan 2. Organisational Behaviour: Fred Luthans, McGraw- Hill Publishing co. ltd. 3. Organisational Behaviour: Robbins, Prentice hall of India Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT603-4 Course : Training & Development Practices L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectiv es:This course will enable the students to understand the Function of Training & Development followed in the organizations. It will take a holistic view of this function & will discuss identification, design & evaluation of training programs in detail. The course will also discuss best practices of Training & Development in different organizations. Unit I: Training and Development: Introduction, Nature of training, Significance of training, Scope & Objectives of training, Benefits of training, Philosophy of training. Difference between Training & Development. Unit II: Training Need Analysis – Identification of training needs, Thayer & McGhee Model, Areas of training, Responsibilities for providing training. Unit III:Training Design & Methods of Training & Development – Perspectives for Designing Training, On the Job Training & Off the Job Training, Training Methodology – Case Study, Management Games, Brain Storming, Role Play, In- Basket exercises, Group Discuss ion; Concept & Importance of Management Development Programs (MDP’s), Steps in MDP’s, Methods and Techniques of MDP’s, Prospective pitfalls. Unit IV: Tools for Effective Training – Teaching aids and techniques, Audio-visual aids, Skills of an Effective Trainer: Communication skills, Knowledge, Training styles, Power of Body Language, Developing creativity. Unit V: Evaluation of Training – Feedback from participants, Measurement of training effectiveness, Models of Training evaluation, Evaluation of trainers and facilities for training. Audit of Training – Cost of training. Unit VI: Training in Indian & International Organisation – National Perspective regarding current training and development practices, International Perspective. Case Study. Text Book: 1.Effective Human Resource Training and Development Strategy: Dr. B. Rathan Reddy, Publication –Himalaya Publication House. Reference Books: 1. Personnel Management and Human Re sources: N. C. Jain & Saakshi, Publication – Allied Publisher. 2. Human Resource and Personnel Management: K. Aswathappa, Publication, McGraw- Hill Publishing. 3. Human Resource Management: Tenth Edition, Gary Dessler, Publication- Pearson Education. Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT603-5 Course : Industrial Relations & Labour Legislations L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives:This course will discuss and examine the important areas of Legislation Relating to Welfare, Social Security Measures, Wages and Bonus, Industrial Relations, Trade Unions and Employment Conditions. The Course will also deal with the Current Legislative Proposals as well as the Impact of Labour Laws on Human Resource Management. Unit I: Industrial Relation and Industrial Democracy – Definition and concept of industrial relation, basic facts, scope, aspects & ideologies of Industrial relations, Appro aches to Industrial relations. Collective Bargaining: Definition, importance, types ,prerequisites of effective collective Bargaining & Collective Bargaining in India; Workers Participation: Concept & meaning, Aims & objective, Forms & levels of participation, conditions essential of working of the scheme. Unit II:Grievances & Disputes – Nature, causes, settlement procedure of Grievances, Industrial Disputes, causes, remedial & prevention measures and settlement machinery. Consequences of Industrial disputes on Industry & Society. Significance of Peace & Harmony to Industrial Productivity & progress Unit III: Labour Welfare & Social Security Legislations – Meaning & scope, Labour welfare & welfare officer in Indian Industry, his role, perceptive, limitations, role perception and role performance, New challenges & expectations, Training of welfare officers; Aims of social security measures, methods of providing social security, benefits to workers-social assistance and social insurance, origin and growth of the idea of social security.Workmen’s compensation Act, Employees state Insurance Act 1948, Provident Fund Act 1952 and Payment of Gratuity Act 1972. Unit IV: Normative and Wage Legislations – Factories Act, 1948, Bombay shop & Establishment Act 1948, PULP Act 1971. Minimum wages Act, Payment Of wages Act 1936, Payment of Bonus Act 1965. Unit V: Industrial Relation Legislations – Trade Union Act 1926, Industrial Employment standing order Act 1946, Bombay Industrial Relations Act, Industrial Dispute Act 1947. Unit VI: ILO & Functions of Working of Offices Attached To Labour Ministry – ILO: Constitution, working & impact of ILO on Labour Legislations in India, ILO convention & recommendations.Functions & Working of Offices Attached To Labour Ministry: Directorate –General of Employment & Training; Labour Bureau; Welfare Commissioners; Various committee constitute by the Government of India (Ministry Of Labour). Text Book: 1. Dynamics of Industrial Relations: Mamoria & Mamoria, Publisher: Himalaya Publishing House. Reference Books: 1. Industrial Jurisprudence & Labour Legislation: A. M. Sarma, Publisher: Himalaya Publishing House. 2. Taxmann’s Labour laws: Taxmann Publications Pvt. Ltd. 3. Essentials of Human Resource Management & Industrial Relation: P. SubbhaRao, Publisher: Himalaya Publishing House. 4. Industrial Relations: C. S. VenkataRatnam, Publisher: Oxford University Press. 5.Labour and Industrial laws: P. K. Padhi, Publisher: Eastern Economy Education. Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT603-6 Course : Human Resource Strategies And Systems L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: This course will enable student to understand the HRD as a field of study & its evolution. It will help the student to understand the role & strategies of HRD in different situations. It will also try to establish relationship between HRD & various skill improvement techniques. It will also enable to understand the role of HRD in Government & Private Enterprises. Unit I:Introduction – Field of Human Resource Development (HRD): A multi-dimensional and new concept, Goals and challenges, Objectives and determinants, Approaches to HRD. Evolution of HRD. Unit II: Comparative Study of Various HR Disciplines: Comparative study of Human Resource Development, Human Resource Management, Human Capital Management and Personnel Management, Unit III: HR System & H. R. D. Culture Design – HR System and Sub systems of HR system , HRD intervention, HRD culture and practices, Subculture, Propagation of culture through HRD. Quality of Work Life. Unit IV: Issues in HRD – Strategy for HRD: Diversity in work force, exit strategy, competitive advantage and relationship management; HRD in Planning for Diversification, Expansion, Mergers, Acquisitions and Takeovers. Unit V:HRD & Skill E nhancement Techniques – Total Quality Management (TQM), Knowledge Management, H. R. Restructuring, Reengineering, Quality Circles. Unit VI: HRD In Different Sectors: – HRD in different organisations, Government Agencies and their role in HRD, Rural development through HRD, HRD in Emerging Sectors: I. T. and I. T. E. S. National Human Resource Development Strategy (NHRDS), Objectives of the initiative, HRD’s role for ROI & its calculation. Text Book: 1. Human Resource Management, Biswajeet Pattanayak, Publisher: Prentice Hall Of India. Reference Books: 1. Human Resource and Personnel Management,K Aswathapha, Publisher: Mc-Graw Hill. . Personnel and Human Resource Management: Text and Cases, P. SubbaRao, Publisher: Himalaya Publishing House. 3. Human Resource Development, Jon M. Werner& Randy L. Desimone, Publisher: South-Western Publication 4. Strategic Human Resource Planning by, Monica Belcourt& Kenneth McBey, Publisher:Thomson Nelson Syllabus of Second Year (S emester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT603-7 Course : Human Resource Planning L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: The course will enable student to study forecasting, resourcing, downsizing & restructuring.The students will also understand the importance of succession management. HR planning during Mergers & Acquisitions will be also discussed in details. The current issues in HR Planning faced by organization will be discussed. Unit I: Strategic HR Planning: Need for strategic HRM, Characteristics of effective HRM strategy, Types of strategy, Models of business strategy, Strategic HR Planning model. Unit II: HR Forecasting Process: Meaning & benefits of HR forecasting, Key personnel required, Determining net HR requirements, Steps to conduct trend analysis, Various forecasting techniques, Ascertaining HR supply, Retention management. Unit III:Downsizing & Restructuring: Concept of downsizing & restructuring, Nee d of downsizing, The decision of downsizing, concept of â€Å"survivors† of downsizing, Impact & consequences of downsizing, Effective downsizing and restructuring strategies, Handling psychological and labour issues in downsizing. Unit IV: Succession Management: Concept & importance of succession management, Evolution & Process of succession management, Management developments methods, Role of employee in succession management. Unit V: Mergers & Acquisitions: Concept of merger & acquisition, 360 degree impact of merger & acquisition, Cultural issues in mergers, HR planning for mergers & acquisitions, Changes brought in various HR issues. Unit VI: Current Trends in HR Planning: Development of HR planning, Controlling attrition, Scope & overview. Textbook: 1.Strategic Human Resources Planning: Monica Belcourt, Kenneth J. McBey; Thomson Reference Books: 1. Effective Succession Planning: William J. Rothwell; Amacom 2. Human Resource Planning: John Bramham; Universities Press 3. Human Resource and Personnel Management: K Aswathappa; Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited 4. A Textbook of Human Resource Management: C. B. Mamoria & S. V. Gankar; Himalaya Publishing House Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT603-8 Course : International HRM Scenario & Practices L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives:The objective of the course is to help students gain knowledge and skills in dealing with international human resources management. To accomplish this, the student will be exposed to a series of cases, which demand commitment from him/her. The course includes the introduction to IHRM, cultural literacy, business management of global companies, international staffing, comparative HRM in America, Japan, India and UK, Challenges and strategies in IHRM, and International compensation. Unit I: Introduction: to International Resource Management Scope of international HRM, Cultural Literacy and Cultural awareness: essentials, advantages, cultural skills for co-operative advantages. Factors affecting International HRM.Comparative Employment Policy – Concept, significance, the Cultural Approach – Power Distance (PDI), Uncertainty avoidance (UAI), Individuality (INV), Masculinity (MASC), Long-Term Orientation. Unit II: Business Management of Global Companies – Characteristics of domestic and global companies, HRM approaches and strategic planning in global organizations. Roles of International HR Manager, Developing Global Literate Leader. Unit III: International Staffing – Recruitment, selection, hiring, training and development, career planning, succession planning, retention. Expatriation, Inpatriation, Flexpatriation. Cultural and Reality shock, Reverse-Cultural Shock. Unit IV: Work Culture of various economies – The comparative approach to HRM in America, Japan, India and UK.National culture, HRM and other employee related values and practices in these economies. Unit VI: Challenges and strategies in IHRM: Challenges with respect to Demographics, Diversity, Occupational Shifts, Workforce Scarcity, Quality, Economy, Technology, Retention, Mergers, Acquisitions and Lay-offs. IHRM Strategies. Unit V: International Compensation – Principles of International Compensation, Methods and practices of International Compensation, International Compensation and employee satisfaction. Text Book: 1. International Human Resource Management: Monir Tayeb, Oxford University Press. Reference Books: 1. International Human Resource Management: P.Subba Rao, Himalaya Publishing House 2. International Human Resource Management: K. Aswathappa & S. Dash, Tata McGrawHill 3. International Human Resource Management: Tony Edwards & Chris Rees, Pearson Education Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT604-1 Course : Operations Planning and Control L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: This course intends to introduce the student to operations planning and control which involves all activities in the organisation, which contributes to the effective production of goods and services. It will start with an nderstanding of the operations strategic objectives. It will also give the student insight of translating the corporate goals into their implications for the operation’s performance objectives, quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost. Unit I: Introduction – Introduction to Functions of production planning and control, Manufacturing systems, Production procedures, service Operations Unit II: Preplanning: Product development and design, Sales forecasting and estimation, plant layout, capacity planning Unit III: Planning: Production order, Mass production, Batch production, Job-shop production, Batch size determination, Scheduling, Batch production scheduling Unit III:Control: Ele ments of Control, Production control, Shop floor control, Computer assisted control, Inventory control Unit IV Control: Manpower control, Quality control, Cost control, Maintenance control Unit V: Distribution Management: Distribution requirement planning, management and control, Unit VI: Recent trends: Lean manufacturing, Green manufacturing, Flexible manufacturing system, Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems (CIMS), Advanced Production Inventory Management Systems (APIMS), Text Book 1. Operations Management: Russell & Taylor, Wiley India Reference Books: 1. Elements of Production Planning and Control: Samuel Eilon, Universal Books Corporation 2. Manufacturing Planning and Control Systems: Thomas Vollmann, William Berry, D.Clay Whybrk, Galgotia Publication 3. Production and Operations Management: Everett E. Adam, Jr, Ronald J. Ebert, PHI India 4. Operations Management: by SLACK & LEWIS, Michael Lewis, Nigel Slack Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Busine ss Administration) Course Code: MBT604-2Course: Supply Chain Management L: 3 Hrs. , T: 1 Hr. , Per WeekTotal Credits: 7 Objectives: The objective of the course is to give students a holistic view of Supply Chain Management. To provide an insight into current industry practices in supply chain ma

Free Essays on A True Vet

A True Vet It isn’t hard to explain why Odysseus is such a good character. He is a very realistic one. Vietnam was a war that lasted close to fifteen years and many men lost their lives there. Some of those men who survived have never been the same since they have come home. Homer knew what it felt like to go through war because his description of Odysseus is very good. According to Edwin Burgess article Odysseus in Vietnam â€Å"Odysseus shows many post war stress symptoms, just as a real soldier would.† After the Trojan War and his long journeys, when Odysseus returns home he is not able to trust or be close to anyone. He has emotional outbursts by using violence to solve his problems. Also signs of criminal activity and sexual adventurism are evident. When the vets came home from Vietnam they were not embraced or cared for, instead they were neglected and treated poorly. They had just risked their lives fighting for their country and got nothing in return, even worse they were abused by their fellow Americans. I can’t imagine what that must feel like. Odysseus could relate though. He spent so many years away from home fighting for his people and himself, to come home and find his friends trying to covet his wife. The only feeling I can imagine describing this is betrayal. I found this quote on a website about Vietnam vets and the question asks to the vet was: What was the worst thing about Vietnam? Having my old friends from high school telling me about their college protests and how "right" their cause was and how wrong we "baby killers" were - that hurt! By far, this was the worse thing about being in Nam for me. I can forget about the bugs, the rats, the physical wounds and the VC - but being betrayed by your own country, hurt more than any thing else. No other wound hurt so bad - not even getting bounced on my head by a rocket explosion. To this very day - this is my biggest soul killing memory of the Nam. -Bill ... Free Essays on A True Vet Free Essays on A True Vet A True Vet It isn’t hard to explain why Odysseus is such a good character. He is a very realistic one. Vietnam was a war that lasted close to fifteen years and many men lost their lives there. Some of those men who survived have never been the same since they have come home. Homer knew what it felt like to go through war because his description of Odysseus is very good. According to Edwin Burgess article Odysseus in Vietnam â€Å"Odysseus shows many post war stress symptoms, just as a real soldier would.† After the Trojan War and his long journeys, when Odysseus returns home he is not able to trust or be close to anyone. He has emotional outbursts by using violence to solve his problems. Also signs of criminal activity and sexual adventurism are evident. When the vets came home from Vietnam they were not embraced or cared for, instead they were neglected and treated poorly. They had just risked their lives fighting for their country and got nothing in return, even worse they were abused by their fellow Americans. I can’t imagine what that must feel like. Odysseus could relate though. He spent so many years away from home fighting for his people and himself, to come home and find his friends trying to covet his wife. The only feeling I can imagine describing this is betrayal. I found this quote on a website about Vietnam vets and the question asks to the vet was: What was the worst thing about Vietnam? Having my old friends from high school telling me about their college protests and how "right" their cause was and how wrong we "baby killers" were - that hurt! By far, this was the worse thing about being in Nam for me. I can forget about the bugs, the rats, the physical wounds and the VC - but being betrayed by your own country, hurt more than any thing else. No other wound hurt so bad - not even getting bounced on my head by a rocket explosion. To this very day - this is my biggest soul killing memory of the Nam. -Bill ...

Mantis Shrimp Facts (Stomatopoda)

Mantis Shrimp Facts (Stomatopoda) The mantis shrimp is not a shrimp, and except for the fact that its an arthropod, its not related to the praying mantis, either. Instead, mantis shrimps are 500 different species belonging to the order Stomatopoda. To distinguish them from true shrimp, mantis shrimps are sometimes called stomatopods. Mantis shrimps are known for their powerful claws, which they use to bludgeon or stab their prey. In addition to their fierce hunting method, mantis shrimps are also known for their extraordinary sense of sight. Fast Facts: Mantis Shrimp ï » ¿Scientific Name: Stomatopoda (e.g., Odontodactylus scyllarus)Other Names: Stomatopod, sea locust, thumb splitter, prawn killerDistinguishing Features: Eyes mounted on movable stalks that can move independently of one anotherAverage Size: 10 centimeters (3.9 in)Diet: CarnivorousLife Span: 20 yearsHabitat: Shallow tropical and subtropical marine environmentsConservation Status: Not evaluatedKingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ArthropodaSubphylum: CrustaceaClass: MalacostracaOrder: StomatopodaFun Fact: A strike from a mantis shrimp claw is so forceful it can shatter aquarium glass. Description There are over 500 species of mantis shrimps in a range of sizes and rainbow of colors. Like other crustaceans, the mantis shrimp has a carapace or shell. Its colors range from brown to vivid rainbow hues. The average mature mantis shrimp is around 10 centimeters (3.9 in) long, but some reach 38 centimeters (15 in). One was even documented at a length of 46 centimeters (18 in). The mantis shrimps claws are its most distinctive feature. Depending on the species, the second pair of appendage- known as raptorial claws- act as either clubs or spears. The mantis shrimp can use its claws to bludgeon or stab prey. Vision Stomatopods have the most complex vision in the animal kingdom, even exceeding that of butterflies. The mantis shrimp has compound eyes mounted on stalks, and can swivel them independently of one another to survey its surroundings. While humans have three types of photoreceptors, a mantis shrimps eyes have between 12 and 16 types of photoreceptor cells. Some species can even tune the sensitivity of their color vision. Peacock Mantis Shrimp (Odontodactylus scyllarus) eyes. Sirachai Arunrugstichai / Getty Images The cluster of photoreceptors, called ommatidia, are arranged in parallel rows into three regions. This gives each eye depth perception and trinocular vision. Mantis shrimps can perceive wavelengths from deep ultraviolet through the visible spectrum and into far red. They can also see polarized light. Some species can perceive circularly polarized light- an ability not found in any other animal species. Their exceptional vision gives the mantis shrimp a survival advantage in an environment that can range from bright to murky and allows them to see and gauge distance to shimmering or translucent objects. Distribution The mantis shrimp lives in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide. Most species live in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Some species live in temperate marine environments. Stomatopods build their burrows in shallow water, including reefs, canals, and marshes. Behavior Mantis shrimps are highly intelligent. They recognize and remember other individuals by sight and smell, and they demonstrate an ability to learn. The animals have a complex social behavior, which includes ritualized fighting and coordinated activities between members of a monogamous pair. They use fluorescent patterns to signal each other and possibly other species. Reproduction and Life Cycle On average, a mantis shrimp lives 20 years. During its lifetime, it may breed 20 to 30 times. In some species, the only interaction between males and females occurs during mating. The female either lays eggs in her burrow or carries them around with her. In other species, shrimp mate in monogamous, life-long relationships, with both sexes caring for the eggs. After hatching, offspring spend three months as zooplankton before molting into their adult form. A peacock mantis shrimp carrying its egg ribbon, Anilao, Philippines. Brook Peterson/Stocktrek Images / Getty Images Diet and Hunting For the most part, the mantis shrimp is a solitary, reclusive hunter. Some species actively stalk prey, while other wait within the lair. The animal kills by rapidly unfolding its raptorial claws with an astounding acceleration of 102,000Â  m/s2 and speed of 23 mps (51 mph). The strike is so quick it boils water between the shrimp and its prey, producing cavitation bubbles. When the bubbles collapse, the resulting shockwave hits prey with an instantaneous force of 1500 newtons. So, even if the shrimp misses its target, the shockwave can stun or kill it. The collapsing bubble also produces weak light, known as sonoluminescence. Typical prey includes fish, snail, crabs, oysters, and other mollusks. Mantis shrimps will also eat members of their own species. Predators As zooplankton, newly hatched and juvenile mantis shrimp are eaten by a variety of animals, including jellyfish, fish, and baleen whales. As adults, stomatopods have few predators. Several species of mantis shrimp are eaten as seafood. Their meat is closer in flavor to lobster than shrimp. In many places, eating them carries the usual risks associated with eating seafood from contaminated waters. Conservation Status Over 500 species of mantis shrimps have been described, but relatively little is known about the creatures because they spend most of their time in their burrows. Their population status is unknown and their conservation status has not been evaluated. Some species are kept in aquaria. Sometimes they are unwelcome aquarium denizens, as they eat other species and can break glass with their claws. Otherwise, they are valued for their bright colors, intelligence, and ability to craft new holes in living rock. Sources Chiou, Tsyr-Huei et al. (2008) Circular Polarization Vision in a Stomatopod Crustacean. Current Biology, Vol 18, Issue 6, pp. 429-434. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.02.066Corwin, Thomas W. (2001). Sensory adaptation: Tunable colour vision in a mantis shrimp. Nature. 411 (6837): 547–8. doi:10.1038/35079184Patek, S. N.; Korff, W. L.; Caldwell, RL. (2004). Deadly strike mechanism of a mantis shrimp. Nature. 428 (6985): 819–820. doi:10.1038/428819aPiper, Ross (2007). Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-33922-8.

Ten Most Common Trees in the United States

Ten Most Common Trees in the United States A United States Forest Service report called the Checklist of Native and Naturalized Trees suggests that there may be more than 865 different species of trees in the United States. Here are the 10 most commonplace native trees in the United States, based on several Federal surveys of tree species stem count, and are listed here in order of estimated numbers of trees by species: Red Maple or  (Acer rubrum)   Red maple is the most common tree in North America and lives in diverse climates and habitats, mainly in the eastern United States.  Acer rubrum  is a prolific seeder and readily sprouts from the stump which makes it ubiquitous  in both the  forest and in the urban landscape. Loblolly Pine or  (Pinus taeda)   Also called bull pine and old-field pine, Pinus taeda is the most widely planted pine tree in the eastern coastal states. Its natural range stretches  from east Texas to the pine barrens of New Jersey and is the dominant pine tree harvested for paper and solid wood produces. Sweetgum or  (Liquidambar styraciflua)   Sweetgum is one of the most aggressive pioneer  tree species and quickly takes over abandoned fields and unmanaged cut-over forests. Like red maple, it will comfortably grow on many sites including wetlands, dry uplands and hill country up to 2,600. It is sometimes planted as an ornamental but out of favor because of the spiky fruit that collects underfoot in the landscape. Douglas Fir or  (Pseudotsuga menziesii)   This tall fir of the North American west is only surpassed in height by the redwood. It can grow on both moist and dry sites and covers coastal and mountain slopes from 0 to 11,000. Several varieties of  Pseudotsuga menziesii, including the coastal Douglas fir of the Cascade Mountains and the Rocky Mountain Douglas fir of the Rockies. Quaking Aspen or  (Populus tremuloides)   Although not as numerous in stem count as red maple,  Populus tremuloides is the most widely distributed tree in North America spanning the entire northern portion of the continent. It is also called a keystone tree species because of its importance in diverse forest ecosystems within its large range. Sugar Maple  or (Acer saccharum)   Acer saccharum  is often called the star of eastern North Americas autumn foliage show and very common in the region. Its leaf shape is the emblem of the  Dominion of  Canada and the tree is the staple of  the Northeast maple syrup industry.   Balsam Fir  (Abies balsamea)   Like quaking aspen and with a similar range, balsam fir is the most widely distributed fir  in North America and the primary component of the Canadian boreal forest.  Abies balsamea  thrives on moist, acid and organic soils in swamps and on mountains to 5,600. Flowering Dogwood  (Cornus florida)   Flowering dogwood is one of the most common understory  hardwoods you will see in both hardwood and coniferous forests in eastern North America. It is also one of the most common of small trees in the urban landscape. It will grow from sea level to nearly 5,000. Lodgepole Pine  (Pinus contorta)   This pine is in abundance, particularly in western Canada and the Pacific Northwestern portion of the United States. Pinus contorta is prolific throughout the Cascades, Sierra Nevada and extends to southern California. It is a pine tree of the mountains and grows to an elevation of 11,000 feet. White Oak  (Quercus alba)   Quercus alba can grow on the most fertile of bottomlands to the most sterile of mountain slopes. White oak is a survivor and grows in a wide range of habitats. It is an oak that inhabits coastal forests to the woodlands along the mid-western prairie region.

Why has the New Christian Right been so successful in US politics Essay

Why has the New Christian Right been so successful in US politics since the early 1990s - Essay Example America was one of the most liberal democratic countries in the world until recent times. People from all over the world and from different cultures stayed in harmony in America because of the immense freedom and liberties supplied to them by the most civilized administrations in America. Even though America is a Christian dominant country, Hindus, Muslims, Jews and Sikhs faced no discrimination in America until recent times. In fact they were able to establish their own churches, mosques and temples and were able to spread their religion across America. However, 9/11 world trade centre attack by some of the terrorists forced America to rethink and redefine its policies towards people from other cultures and countries. America society is believed to be the most liberal society in the world. Same sex marriages, gayism, lesbianism and homosexuality are accepted life styles in America at present. Americans do not bother much to reveal their sexual orientation at present. Instead of marriage, the new concept of living together is getting popularity in America now. However, it should be noted that a substantial portion of American population still believe in traditions, customs and religions. They are not ready to accept the changes with both hands. Such people started the efforts to regain the lost values, customs and traditions in America society. As a result of that, concepts such as Christian Right and New Christian Right started to develop in America. Christian right is a term used to describe the right political groups in America. It is an informal coalition of various religious communities such as Catholics, Evangelists and Protestants. Right wing political groups in America are adamant in their beliefs and are not ready to dilute their religious beliefs for political gains. They are keen in developing a political system in accordance with the Christian doctrines. As Republican Party principles are

Db5 diversity in the workplace Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Db5 diversity in the workplace - Research Paper Example It is also mean to increase the number of women in the employment sector. In my opinion, I believe affirmative action had fair intensions. This is because the programs were designed so as to provide individuals who are qualified with a fair and equal access to recruitment and opportunities. This is because the polices states that the people responsible in hiring and recruiting people should give fair and equal chances of evaluation regardless of the candidates gender, race or ethnic background. This makes sure that all people get opportunities equally (Tucker, 2000). It also increases social and economic diversity in the American educational system and workplace. Currently, the affirmative action has created a stronger educational and workplace diversity. This is because students of all races have been equally admitted into academic institutions. It has also made sure that women have increased in number in jobs that predominantly were occupied by males (Sadler, 1996). The program has ensured a rich diversity in colleges. There have been greater gains in the enrollment and graduations for women and people of colored skin at higher education institutions. Generally, I believe the affirmative action has had positive effects to the

Organizational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organizational Behavior - Essay Example This is where the company creates a culture that appreciates new ideas from employees, improvements in performance, and innovations. The appreciation is mostly through awards or promotions. Such initiatives make employees offer best of their services. The strategy gives answers to why CISCO sells classy products, which dominate the networking industry despite other companies such as TP-Link and D-Link, which produces cheaper products (Boorsma and Mitchell, 2011). Annual activity schedule is also among the strategic techniques used by CISCO. This defines the work schedule of different departments, where they have to meet the target by the end of the financial year. In this instance, employees will be forced to work using the set guides and this facilitates the company in exploiting human resources to the maximum (Hiam, 2010). The annual activity schedule is designed with the â€Å"can’t lose spirit†. This enhances the company’s objective as they will be meet demands of customers and uphold their market share (Locke & Latham, 2009). Disarming technique is also a technique used to overcome critics from different parties. Practically, critiques are ideals tools, which facilitate identification of loops in services and products. The company motivates employees to criticize these critics by offering better services (Hiam, 2010). This turns out being a defense mechanism, thus improving employee performance. Boorsma, B. and Mitchell, S. (2011). Work-Life Innovation: Smart Work—A Paradigm Shift Transforming How, Where, and When Work Gets Done Available at:

Business ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business ethics - Essay Example The paper tells that the 21st century workplace is a dynamic one and throws new scenarios and challenges every day. There are numerous ethical problems that arise and the decision making needs to be supported by strong ethical principles for everyone involved to be benefited. There are various ethical principles ad theories that have been discussed in great detail in theory and these needs to be applied in every day decision making. Moral and ethics is not always about being right/wrong or true/false but has numerous other considerations and factors such as feelings, preferences, resolutions, demand and many more. The details of the case: the researcher has been working as housing officer with a housing department for two years. During this time the researcher has developed a close friendship with John who is a manager of a local hostel. There had been an opening in my department and John had told me that he would apply for the position. He fears that his current job is at risk as hi s organization has financial difficulties. As the current opening in the researcher’s department needed a degree qualification, the researcher had figured that John would not get the position as he did not have a degree. But the researcher found out yesterday that John has got the job and one of the main reasons for it is his claim that he has Business administration degree from a top British University. The researcher believes John has lied in his application and interview.... Employee loyalty, moral obligation/duty, obedience, honesty, legal responsibility, etc are the various ethics involved in this response. This response is in accordance to the moral theory of obligation. One of the most basic elements of the moral fabric of our society is not to lie. It is very clear that John has lied in order to get the job. This is not just a lie but also a fraud and deception. Fraud and deception of any form violate ethical custom and law (SAGE, 2011). Any responsible citizen of a society, irrespective of being an employee of the organization or not, has a moral obligation to the society to stop or act such incidents that affect the value system of the society. Such incidents if not acted upon set a bad example in the society. So even if I was not an employee of the company, it would be my responsibility to bring the issue to the notice of the concerned. As mentioned above it is the moral duty, not just in an organization but in our society, to tell the truth. Mos t ordinary rule of â€Å"ethical custom† is telling the truth (Snoeyenbos & Humber, 2001). If an employee is aware of a lie that is been told to his employer, then the rule of ethical custom imposes a moral duty on the employee to tell the truth. Knowing about the lie and not reporting would question my honesty. Even though I am not directly involved, I would still be dishonest if I don’t act on this issue. Also I owe my loyalty to my employer. As every employee expects his employer to be loyal to him and take care of his needs and necessities so do the employer. Employee loyalty is a legitimate and coherent concept. Organizations expect employees to be loyal to the organization and vice versa. Simple obligations of loyalty that come with a job are to act in such a

Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

Music - Essay Example Rock sales were relatively much higher than those of jazz. The fusion was a combination of funk, rhythm, blues that allowed the formation of a new category of music with an impact on both genres. Born at the time of the hippie movement in the late 60’s to early 70’s it expressed dissatisfaction with current (Allen, 2014). Issues such as the Vietnam War and the civil rights movement and had a wide reach. It was revolutionary and harnessed rock’s electric guitars and drum’s with Miles Davis trumpet. This was the first time jazz musicians used electric music. The impact on both genres of music was huge. Fusion combined the work of jazz greats like Miles and rock greats like The Rolling Stones. In 1968 Miles released jazz fusion first album to criticism from some of his fans. Among the reasons for criticism was that it was not a true form of jazz, it adulterated pure jazz and that money was the motivation. Older jazz generation was against it and music critic Stanley Crouch felt that it threatened jazz. Crouch says that Miles sold out for money to maintain his expensive lifestyle including drug addiction (Davis, 2014). Being a pioneer jazz had a big name in jazz music and all expectations were that he would remain true to jazz as an African-American. Critics saw this as an attempt by Miles to look for popularity at the cost of maintaining a crucial part of the African-American history. Miles had to have an extremely strong will to pursue jazz fusion as the combination of predominantly black jazz and white rock faced heavy criticism. Moreover having been a pioneer black jazz musician his reputation would be soiled as sell out for white money and bigger audiences (Goldsher, 2013). Jazz fusion has all the features of jazz including extreme improvisation and soloists with distinctive voices. Many jazz fusion musicians like Miles Davis had played the traditional jazz before venturing into the electric form. The fusion gave listeners freedom of choice and was

Business ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business ethics - Essay Example The paper tells that the 21st century workplace is a dynamic one and throws new scenarios and challenges every day. There are numerous ethical problems that arise and the decision making needs to be supported by strong ethical principles for everyone involved to be benefited. There are various ethical principles ad theories that have been discussed in great detail in theory and these needs to be applied in every day decision making. Moral and ethics is not always about being right/wrong or true/false but has numerous other considerations and factors such as feelings, preferences, resolutions, demand and many more. The details of the case: the researcher has been working as housing officer with a housing department for two years. During this time the researcher has developed a close friendship with John who is a manager of a local hostel. There had been an opening in my department and John had told me that he would apply for the position. He fears that his current job is at risk as hi s organization has financial difficulties. As the current opening in the researcher’s department needed a degree qualification, the researcher had figured that John would not get the position as he did not have a degree. But the researcher found out yesterday that John has got the job and one of the main reasons for it is his claim that he has Business administration degree from a top British University. The researcher believes John has lied in his application and interview.... Employee loyalty, moral obligation/duty, obedience, honesty, legal responsibility, etc are the various ethics involved in this response. This response is in accordance to the moral theory of obligation. One of the most basic elements of the moral fabric of our society is not to lie. It is very clear that John has lied in order to get the job. This is not just a lie but also a fraud and deception. Fraud and deception of any form violate ethical custom and law (SAGE, 2011). Any responsible citizen of a society, irrespective of being an employee of the organization or not, has a moral obligation to the society to stop or act such incidents that affect the value system of the society. Such incidents if not acted upon set a bad example in the society. So even if I was not an employee of the company, it would be my responsibility to bring the issue to the notice of the concerned. As mentioned above it is the moral duty, not just in an organization but in our society, to tell the truth. Mos t ordinary rule of â€Å"ethical custom† is telling the truth (Snoeyenbos & Humber, 2001). If an employee is aware of a lie that is been told to his employer, then the rule of ethical custom imposes a moral duty on the employee to tell the truth. Knowing about the lie and not reporting would question my honesty. Even though I am not directly involved, I would still be dishonest if I don’t act on this issue. Also I owe my loyalty to my employer. As every employee expects his employer to be loyal to him and take care of his needs and necessities so do the employer. Employee loyalty is a legitimate and coherent concept. Organizations expect employees to be loyal to the organization and vice versa. Simple obligations of loyalty that come with a job are to act in such a